Dietary behaviors of adults born prematurely may explain future risk for cardiovascular disease. (1st April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sharafi, Mastaneh; Duffy, Valerie B.; Miller, Robin J.; Winchester, Suzy B.; Huedo-Medina, Tania B.; Sullivan, Mary C.
• Is Part Of: Appetite. Volume 99(2016)
• Page Start: 157
• Page End: 167
• Publication Date: 2016-04-01
• Subjects: Preterm -- Dietary quality -- Structural equation modeling -- Food preference -- Restraint -- Food neophobia -- Cardiovascular disease; ANCOVA analysis of covariance -- BMI body mass index -- CVD cardiovascular disease -- FT-adults full term born adults -- HDL high density lipoprotein -- HEPI healthy eating preference index -- HPTs healthy preterm infants -- LDL low density lipoprotein -- MPTs medical preterm infants -- NPTs neurological preterm infants -- PT-adults preterm born adults -- SGA small for gestational age preterms -- TC total cholesterol; Food habits -- Periodicals; Appetite -- Periodicals; Appetite disorders -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 306.4613
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0195-6663

Abstract

Abstract: Being born prematurely associates with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. Less understood are the unique and joint associations of dietary patterns and behaviors to this elevated risk among adults who are born prematurely. We aimed to model the associations between term status, dietary and lifestyle behaviors with CVD risk factors while accounting for the longitudinal effects of family protection, and medical or environmental risks. In wave-VIII of a longitudinal study, 23-year olds born prematurely (PT-adults, n = 129) and full term (FT-adults, n = 38) survey-reported liking for foods/beverages and activities, constructed into indexes of dietary quality and sensation-seeking, dietary restraint and physical activity. Measured CVD risk factors included fasting serum lipids and glucose, blood pressure and adiposity. In bivariate relationships, PT-adults reported lower dietary quality (including less affinity for protein-rich foods and higher affinity for sweets), less liking for sensation-seeking foods/activities, and less restrained eating than did FT-adults. In comparison to nationally-representative values and the FT-adults, PT-adults showed greater level of CVD risk factors for blood pressure and serum lipids. In structural equation modeling, dietary quality completely mediated the association between term status and HDL-cholesterol (higher quality, lower HDL-cholesterol) yet joined term status to explain variability in systolic blood pressure (PT-adults with lowest dietary quality had highest blood pressures). Through lower dietary quality, being born prematurely was indirectly linked to higher cholesterol/HDL, higher LDL/HDL and elevated waist/hip ratios. The relationship between dietary quality and CVD risk was strongest for PT-adults who had developed greater cumulative medical risk. Protective environments failed to attenuate relationships between dietary quality and elevated CVD risk among PT-adults. In summary, less healthy dietary behaviors contribute to elevated CVD risk among young adults who are born prematurely. Highlights: Young adults born prematurely had elevated cardiovascular risk factors and less healthy dietary behaviors. Poor dietary quality and being born prematurely were separate and additive contributors of elevated systolic blood pressure. Some of the preterm-cholesterol dyslipidemia relationship was explained (mediated) by poor dietary quality. Young adults born prematurely reported low dietary restraint and low sensation seeking, including food neophobia. A healthier diet attenuated some of the CVD risk factors among adults born prematurely and with medical risk.