Assessing the experimental investigation of milk thistle oil for biodiesel production using base catalyzed transesterification. (September 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ullah, Kifayat; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Sofia, ; Qiu, Fengxian
• Is Part Of: Energy. Volume 89(2015)
• Page Start: 887
• Page End: 895
• Publication Date: 2015-09
• Subjects: Milk thistle plant -- Non edible oil -- Two step process -- MTOB -- Chromatography -- Spectroscopy; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy consumption -- Periodicals; 333.7905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.028
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-5442

Abstract

Abstract: In the present research work, non edible oil source milk thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaert) plant was investigated for biodiesel production. The extracted crude oil was 26.14% of the total seed dry weight. The free fatty acid content of oil was reduced from 0.56 mg KOH/g to 0.06 mg KOH/g by esterification before the synthesis of biodiesel. The highest conversion percentage of biodiesel was achieved 89.51% and 87.42% using solid base catalyst sodium hydroxide (0.75%) and potassium hydroxide (1.0%), respectively. The protocol for experiment was adjusted as follow: temperature (60 °C); time of reaction (2 h), steering (600 rpm) and the oil molar ratio was fixed 1:6. Qualitatively, the prepared biodiesel was quantified by GC chromatography, 13 C & 1 H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), AAS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The fuel properties of biodiesel were tested and compared with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Highlights: Biodiesel production from non edible seeds of milk thistle species. High percentage of oil extraction (26.14%) and biodiesel yield (92%). Reduction in FFA contents via esterification 0.56 mg KOH/g – 0.06 mg KOH/g. Quantification analysis of biodiesel using GC, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR and AAS. Fuel properties comparison with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.