Physiology of the upper segment, body, and lower segment of the esophagus. (11th October 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Miller, Larry; Clavé, Pere; Farré, Ricard; Lecea, Begoña; Ruggieri, Michael R.; Ouyang, Ann; Regan, Julie; McMahon, Barry P.
• Is Part Of: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 1300(2013)
• Page Start: 261
• Page End: 277
• Publication Date: 2013-10-11
• Subjects: muscularis mucosa -- esophagus -- smooth muscle -- submucosa -- GERD -- upper esophageal segment -- lower esophageal segment; Medical sciences -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Science -- Periodicals; 610
• DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12250
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0077-8923

Abstract

Abstract : The following discussion on the physiology of the esophagus includes commentaries on the function of the muscularis mucosa and submucosa as a mechanical antireflux barrier in the esophagus; the different mechanisms of neurological control in the esophageal striated and smooth muscle; new insights from animal models into the neurotransmitters mediating lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation, peristalsis in the esophageal body (EB), and motility of esophageal smooth muscle; differentiation between in vitro properties of the lower esophageal circular muscle, clasp muscle, and sling fibers; alterations in the relationship between pharyngeal contraction and relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) in patients with dysphagia; the mechanical relationships between anterior hyoid movement, the extent of upper esophageal opening, and aspiration; the application of fluoroscopy and manometry with biomechanics to define the stages of UES opening; and nonpharmacological approaches to alter the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).