The polyunsaturated fatty acid balance in kidney health and disease: A review. Issue 6 (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Syren, Marie-Louise; Turolo, Stefano; Marangoni, Franca; Milani, Gregorio P.; Edefonti, Alberto; Montini, Giovanni; Agostoni, Carlo
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 37:Issue 6(2018)Part A
• Page Start: 1829
• Page End: 1839
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.019
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Epidemiological studies show that circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to preserve renal function. In renal disease states there is generally a lack of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) as measured in biological samples, but despite intense research for more than 30 years, it is still unclear how and to what extent their supplementation would benefit kidney disorders. Studies evaluating the n-6 series and the kidney are less frequent. The last compilation of clinical trials with n-3 LCPUFA supplements focusing on renal function and damage dates back to 2012. We here discuss n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in relation to the kidney summarizing single- and double blind randomized controlled trials performed between 2012 and 2016. Nine were sub-studies/post-hoc analyses of previous parent trials. Twelve out of the twenty trials reported on fatty acid profile or fatty acid species. Factors that may explain inconsistent results obtained after supplementation with the n-3 LCPUFA EPA and DHA in kidney disease are discussed such as baseline levels determining response, drug interaction. The need of evaluating fatty acid status before and after intervention is emphasized, to match changes in outcome measure with changes of any fatty acid potentially involved. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Epidemiological studies indicate that n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contribute to preserve kidney health. In renal disease states there is generally a lack of n-3 long chain (LC)PUFA. Fatty acid status in biological samples is frequently unknown in renal disease n-3 LCPUFA intervention trials. Inconsistent results after n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in kidney disease may be explained by several factors. Monitoring basal and final fatty acid status in n-3 LCPUFA interventions is essential to match changes in outcome measure.