Functional distinctions associated with the diversity of sex steroid hormone receptors ESR and AR. Issue 184 (November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ogino, Yukiko; Tohyama, Saki; Kohno, Satomi; Toyota, Kenji; Yamada, Gen; Yatsu, Ryohei; Kobayashi, Tohru; Tatarazako, Norihisa; Sato, Tomomi; Matsubara, Hajime; Lange, Anke; Tyler, Charles R.; Katsu, Yoshinao; Iguchi, Taisen; Miyagawa, Shinichi
• Is Part Of: Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. Issue 184(2018)
• Page Start: 38
• Page End: 46
• Publication Date: 2018-11
• Subjects: Androgen receptor -- Estrogen receptor -- Whole genome duplication -- Sex determination; Steroid hormones -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Hormones -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Hormones stéroïdes -- Périodiques; Steroid hormones; Periodicals; 572.579
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-0760

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Sex steroid hormones play fundamental roles in reproductive activities. Sexually dimorphic development depends on sex steroid hormones. The functions of both ESR and AR have diverged during vertebrate evolution. Abstract: Sex steroid hormones including estrogens and androgens play fundamental roles in regulating reproductive activities and they act through estrogen and androgen receptors (ESR and AR). These steroid receptors have evolved from a common ancestor in association with several gene duplications. In most vertebrates, this has resulted in two ESR subtypes (ESR1 and ESR2) and one AR, whereas in teleost fish there are at least three ESRs (ESR1, ESR2a and ESR2b) and two ARs (ARα and ARβ) due to a lineage-specific whole genome duplication. Functional distinctions have been suggested among these receptors, but to date their roles have only been characterized in a limited number of species. Sexual differentiation and the development of reproductive organs are indispensable for all animal species and in vertebrates these events depend on the action of sex steroid hormones. Here we review the recent progress in understanding of the functions of the ESRs and ARs in the development and expression of sexually dimorphic characteristics associated with steroid hormone signaling in vertebrates, with representative fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.