Greener synthesis of 1, 2-butylene carbonate from CO2 using graphene-inorganic nanocomposite catalyst. (15th December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Onyenkeadi, Victor; Kellici, Suela; Saha, Basudeb
• Is Part Of: Energy. Volume 165(2018)Part A
• Page Start: 867
• Page End: 876
• Publication Date: 2018-12-15
• Subjects: 1, 2-butylene carbonate (BC) -- Carbon dioxide (CO2) -- Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) -- Ceria -- Lanthana and zirconia graphene oxide nanocomposite (CeLaZr/GO) -- Heterogeneous catalysts; BC 1, 2-butylene carbonate -- BO 1, 2-butylene oxide -- CO2 Carbon dioxide -- CHFS Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis -- Ce-LA-Zr/GO Ceria lanthana, and zirconia graphene oxide -- CeLaZrO Ceria and lanthana doped zirconia -- BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller -- SEM scanning electron microscope -- TEM Transmission electron microscopy -- XRD x-ray diffraction -- (XPS) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy -- CeZrO Ceria doped zirconia -- (EC) ethylene carbonate -- (CMEC) (chloromethyl) ethylene carbonate -- (VCHC) 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene carbonate -- (MgO) magnesium oxide -- (GO) graphene oxide -- FID Flame ionization detector -- GC Gas chromatograph -- LaO Lanthanum oxide -- (LaZrO2) Lanthana doped zirconia -- (ZrO2) Zirconium oxide -- (CeO2) Cerium oxide -- MEL Chemicals Magnesium Elektron Limited Chemicals -- PO propylene oxide -- PC propylene carbonate -- t time (h) -- scCO2 Supercritical CO2 -- SCF Supercritical fluid -- (NGP) Natural graphite powder -- (HCL) Hydrochloric acid -- (H2SO4) Sulphuric acid -- (NaNO3) sodium nitrate, (KOH), potassium hydroxide pellet -- (H2O2) Hydrogen peroxide -- (C3H6O) Acetone -- (C8H18) Octane -- (KMnO4) Potassium permanganate -- (CH3OH) Methanol -- (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate -- (La(NO3)3⋅6H2O) Lanthanum (III) nitrate hexahydrate -- (ZrO(NO3)2 · xH2O) Zirconium (IV) oxynitrate hydrate; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy consumption -- Periodicals; 333.7905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.135
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-5442

Abstract

Abstract: The synthesis of 1, 2-butylene carbonate (BC) from cycloaddition reaction of 1, 2-butylene oxide (BO) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) was investigated using several heterogeneous catalysts in the absence of organic solvent. Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) has been employed as a rapid and cleaner route for the synthesis of a highly efficient graphene-inorganic heterogeneous catalyst, ceria-lanthana-zirconia/graphene nanocomposite, represented as CeLaZr/GO. The heterogeneous catalysts have been characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET for measuring the surface area/pore size distribution). Ceria-lanthana-zirconia/graphene nanocomposite catalyst (CeLaZr/GO) exhibited high catalytic activity as compared to other reported heterogeneous catalysts in the absence of any organic solvent with a selectivity of 76% and 64% yield of 1, 2-butylene carbonate at the reaction conditions of 408 K, 75 bar in 20 h. Highlights: Highly active CeLaZr/GO nanocomposite was successfully prepared using a CHFS reactor. Direct synthesis of BC was catalysed by CeLaZr/GO nanocomposite catalyst. CeLaZr/GO nanocomposite catalyst showed highest catalytic activity. CeLaZr/GO catalyst was reused about 120 h without affecting its performance.