Cross-reactivity of HIV vaccine responses and the microbiome. Issue 1 (January 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Williams, Wilton B.; Han, Qifeng; Haynes, Barton F.
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in HIV & AIDS. Volume 13:Issue 1(2018:Jan.)
• Publication Date: 2018-01
• Subjects: B cells -- CD4 T cells -- cross-reactive antibodies -- HIV vaccines -- microbiome; AIDS (Disease) -- Periodicals; HIV infections -- Periodicals; HIV Infections -- Periodicals; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- Periodicals; Infections à VIH -- Périodiques; Sida -- Périodiques; AIDS (Disease); HIV infections; Periodicals; 616.9792005
• DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000423
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1746-630X

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose of review: A successful human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine will require immunogens that induce protective immune responses. However, recent studies suggest that the response to HIV-1 and perhaps other viruses may be altered by immune system exposure to intestinal microbiota-antigens. This review will discuss select aspects of these studies. Recent findings: Naïve CD4 T and B cell repertoires can be imprinted by intestinal microbiota-antigens to respond to virus epitopes prior to virus infection. A multiclade envelope (Env) gp145 DNA prime, recombinant adenovirus type 5 boost vaccine tested in a HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) phase IIb human vaccine efficacy trial (HVTN 505) induced a dominant gp41-reactive antibody response that was non-neutralizing and cross-reactive with intestinal microbiota. This vaccine regimen also induced a dominant gp41-reactive, intestinal microbiota-cross-reactive gp41 antibody response in neonatal and adult Rhesus macaques. Studies of naïve CD4 T cells have demonstrated cross-reactivity to both HIV-1 and influenza peptides. Summary: HIV-1 Env vaccine-induced CD4 T and B cell responses can originate from a pool of intestinal microbiota-cross-reactive immune cells. Moreover, intestinal microbiota-cross-reactive HIV-1 Env antibodies are ineffective in protection against HIV-1 infection. Thus, intestinal microbiota-imprinting of the B cell repertoire may be one of several roadblocks to the induction of protective HIV-1 antibodies.