Cold Sintering: A Paradigm Shift for Processing and Integration of Ceramics. Issue 38 (11th August 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guo, Jing; Guo, Hanzheng; Baker, Amanda L.; Lanagan, Michael T.; Kupp, Elizabeth R.; Messing, Gary L.; Randall, Clive A.
• Is Part Of: Angewandte Chemie international edition. Volume 55:Issue 38(2016)
• Page Start: 11457
• Page End: 11461
• Publication Date: 2016-08-11
• Subjects: ceramics -- cold sintering -- composites -- hydrothermal synthesis -- sintering; Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605443
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1433-7851

Abstract

Abstract: This paper describes a sintering technique for ceramics and ceramic‐based composites, using water as a transient solvent to effect densification (i.e. sintering) at temperatures between room temperature and 200 °C. To emphasize the incredible reduction in sintering temperature relative to conventional thermal sintering this new approach is named the "Cold Sintering Process" (CSP). Basically CSP uses a transient aqueous environment to effect densification by a mediated dissolution–precipitation process. CSP of NaCl, alkali molybdates and V2 O5 with small concentrations of water are described in detail, but the process is extended and demonstrated for a diverse range of chemistries (oxides, carbonates, bromides, fluorides, chlorides and phosphates), multiple crystal structures, and multimaterial applications. Furthermore, the properties of selected CSP samples are demonstrated to be essentially equivalent as samples made by conventional thermal sintering. Abstract : A breakthrough in the sintering of ceramics named "cold sintering process" (CSP) is introduced. Wide ranges of inorganic materials and composites can be sintered at much lower temperatures (between room temperature and 200 °C) than previously thought possible by using water as a transient liquid phase to effect densification by a mediated solution–precipitation process.