Epidemiology of adult acute myeloid leukemia: Impact of exposures on clinical phenotypes and outcomes after therapy. Issue 6 (December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Finn, Laura; Sproat, Lisa; Heckman, Michael G.; Jiang, Liuyan; Diehl, Nancy N.; Ketterling, Rhett; Tibes, Raoul; Valdez, Ricardo; Foran, James
• Is Part Of: Cancer epidemiology. Volume 39:Issue 6(2015)
• Page Start: 1084
• Page End: 1092
• Publication Date: 2015-12
• Subjects: AML adult myeloid leukemia -- CI confidence interval -- CR complete remission -- hAML AML arising from a prior hematologic malignancy -- HCTCI hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index -- MDS myelodysplastic syndrome -- OR odds ratio -- OS overall survival -- RR relative risk -- sAML secondary AML -- SOT solid organ transplantation -- tAML therapy related AML; Acute myeloid leukemia -- Cytogenetics -- Epidemiology; Cancer -- Epidemiology -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Diagnosis -- Periodicals; Carcinogenesis -- Periodicals; 616.994005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1877-7821

Abstract

Highlights: We examine associations of epidemiologic exposures and patient outcomes in AML. Obesity is associated with intermediate-abnormal cytogenetic risk category in AML. Statin therapy is associated with complete remission after induction chemotherapy. Complete remission after AML therapy is less likely after solid organ transplant. Abstract: Background: An increased risk of adult myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been associated with lifestyle and environmental exposures, including obesity, smoking, some over the counter medications, and rural/farm habitats in case control studies. The association of these exposures with AML cytogenetic categories, outcomes after therapy, and overall survival is unknown. Methods: Relevant exposures were evaluated in a cohort of 295 consecutive AML patients diagnosed and treated at Mayo Clinic in Florida and Arizona. Standard cytogenetic risk categories were applied and reviewed in a central cytogenetic laboratory. The association of epidemiologic exposures with cytogenetic risk, complete remission after therapy, and overall survival was evaluated using logistic and Cox regression models. Results: A significant association between obesity and intermediate-abnormal cytogenetics was identified (OR: 1.94, P = 0.025). Similarly, those with secondary AML were more likely to have poor risk (OR: 2.55, P < 0.001) and less likely to have intermediate normal (OR: 0.48, P = 0.003) cytogenetics. In multivariate analysis, overall survival was improved for patients ≥60 years receiving intensive (RR: 0.21, P < 0.001) and non-intensive therapy (RR: 0.40, P < 0.001 compared to no treatment, and was lower for users of tobacco (RR 1.39, P = 0.032), and those with poor risk cytogenetics (RR: 3.96, P = 0.002) or poor performance status (RR: 1.69, P < 0.001). Furthermore, an association between statin use at the time of diagnosis (OR: 2.89, P = 0.016) and increased complete remission after intensive chemotherapy was identified, while prior solid organ transplantation was associated with significantly lower complete remission rate after therapy (OR: 0.10, P = 0.035). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that specific epidemiologic exposures, including obesity, are significantly associated with unique AML cytogenetic risk categories and response to therapy. This supports a link between patient lifestyles, clinical exposures, and leukemogenesis.