An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions. Issue 19 (9th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: McCabe, Ryan M.; Hickey, Barbara M.; Kudela, Raphael M.; Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Adams, Nicolaus G.; Bill, Brian D.; Gulland, Frances M. D.; Thomson, Richard E.; Cochlan, William P.; Trainer, Vera L.
• Is Part Of: Geophysical research letters. Volume 43:Issue 19(2016)
• Page Start: 10, 366
• Page End: 10, 376
• Publication Date: 2016-10-09
• Subjects: harmful algal bloom -- Pseudo‐nitzschia australis -- domoic acid -- upwelling -- warm anomaly -- toxin; Geophysics -- Periodicals; Planets -- Periodicals; Lunar geology -- Periodicals; 550
• DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070023
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0094-8276

Abstract

Abstract: A coastwide bloom of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia in spring 2015 resulted in the largest recorded outbreak of the neurotoxin, domoic acid, along the North American west coast. Elevated toxins were measured in numerous stranded marine mammals and resulted in geographically extensive and prolonged closures of razor clam, rock crab, and Dungeness crab fisheries. We demonstrate that this outbreak was initiated by anomalously warm ocean conditions. Pseudo‐nitzschia australis thrived north of its typical range in the warm, nutrient‐poor water that spanned the northeast Pacific in early 2015. The seasonal transition to upwelling provided the nutrients necessary for a large‐scale bloom; a series of spring storms delivered the bloom to the coast. Laboratory and field experiments confirming maximum growth rates with elevated temperatures and enhanced toxin production with nutrient enrichment, together with a retrospective analysis of toxic events, demonstrate the potential for similarly devastating ecological and economic disruptions in the future. Key Points: The 2015 U.S. West Coast wide toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia australis bloom was facilitated by anomalous ocean conditions The seasonal transition to upwelling provided nutrients for the bloom, and spring storms delivered toxic cells to the nearshore environment West Coast toxic Pseudo‐nitzschia events are triggered by warm anomalies associated with El Niño and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation