Modulation of innate immunity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis endospores. Issue 83 (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Galagarza, Oscar A.; Smith, Stephen A.; Drahos, David J.; Eifert, Joseph D.; Williams, Robert C.; Kuhn, David D.
• Is Part Of: Fish & shellfish immunology. Issue 83(2018)
• Page Start: 171
• Page End: 179
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: Tilapia -- Fish health -- Aquaculture -- Innate immune responses -- Probiotic -- Bacillus subtilis NZ86 -- Bacillus subtilis O14VRQ -- Gut; Fishes -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Shellfish -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Poissons -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; Crustacés -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; 571.9617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.062
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1050-4648

Abstract

Abstract: Dietary supplementation of probiotics is growing as a scientifically valid alternative to antibiotics for enhancement of overall animal health and productivity in aquaculture. Strains of Bacillus subtilis are regarded as attractive probiotic candidates to the fish farming industry; however, there is a limited number of studies focused on the use of specific strains probiotics in tilapia, and therefore complicating replication. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the strains NZ86 (NRRL B-50136) and O14VRQ (NRRL B-67221) of B. subtilis on various parameters of the innate immunity in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) in a 51-day feeding trial. Supplementation of tilapia with either strain resulted in significant increases (p < 0.05) in plasma lysozyme concentration of varying degrees throughout the trial. Meanwhile, alternative complement activity was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) only after feeding of the NZ86 strain after 14 and 51 days. Conversely, supplementation with O14VRQ resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percent of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of tilapia by day 28. At the end of the trial, there was a trend towards increased phagocytic and respiratory burst activities observed in immune organ derived leukocytes. Feeding with either probiotic appeared to have an up-regulation on the gene expression of both pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intestine, yet only O14VRQ was significantly different than the control. Moreover, the occurrence of these results could be associated with supplementation of the probiotic strains, given that Bacillus bacteria were observed to populate the intestines of the dietary treatment groups. These results suggest the potential roles of these B. subtilis probiotic candidates to stimulate immune responses both locally and systemically in tilapia. Highlights: Dietary Bacillus subtilis NZ86 enhanced multiple innate immune responses in tilapia. Dietary B. subtilis O14VRQ stimulated several innate immune responses in tilapia. Immune responses were associated with presence of bacterial strains in the gut. Dietary B. subtilis O14VRQ up-regulated gut levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.