Riding the emotional roller coaster: The role of distress tolerance in non-suicidal self-injury. (November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Slabbert, A.; Hasking, P.; Boyes, M.
• Is Part Of: Psychiatry research. Volume 269(2018)
• Page Start: 309
• Page End: 315
• Publication Date: 2018-11
• Subjects: NSSI -- Self-injury -- Emotional cascade -- Affect intensity -- Rumination; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- periodicals; Psychiatrie -- Périodiques; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.061
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0165-1781

Abstract

Highlights: Rumination is associated with odds and frequency of NSSI. We assessed whether distress tolerance can interrupt these cascades. Rumination and distress tolerance interact to predicts odds of NSSI. Affect intensity, rumination and distress tolerance interact to predict frequency of NSSI. Abstract: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage to one's bodily tissue without suicidal intent. The Emotional Cascade Model proposes NSSI functions as a distraction from 'cascades' of intense affect and rumination. Low distress tolerance is one factor thought to potentially amplify these cascades but has yet to be empirically tested. Using the Emotional Cascade Model as a framework, we investigated the moderating roles of rumination and distress tolerance in the relationship between affect intensity and NSSI. A sample of 400 university students between the ages of 17 and 62 years ( M = 21.02, SD = 5.32) completed well-validated measures of NSSI, affect intensity, rumination, and distress tolerance. As expected, rumination was associated with history of NSSI but only among individuals who reported high levels of distress tolerance. Further, affect intensity was positively associated with NSSI frequency, but only at low levels of rumination and distress tolerance. These results provide promising insight into potential prevention and intervention initiatives that may target rumination and distress tolerance to reduce the likelihood and frequency of self-injury.