From spent alkaline batteries to ZnxMn3−xO4 by a hydrometallurgical route: synthesis and characterization. Issue 58 (28th September 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Romo, Lorena Alcaraz; López-Fernández, Ana; García-Díaz, Irene; Fernández, Paloma; Urbieta, Ana; López, Félix A.
• Is Part Of: RSC advances. Volume 8:Issue 58(2018)
• Page Start: 33496
• Page End: 33505
• Publication Date: 2018-09-28
• Subjects: Chemistry -- Periodicals; 540.5
• DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06789a
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2046-2069

Abstract

Abstract : A series of Zn/Mn binary oxides with different molar ratios were synthesized via co-precipitation from a solution obtained through the leaching of a black mass originating from the mechanical recycling of spent alkaline and Zn–C batteries. Abstract : A series of Zn/Mn binary oxides with different molar ratios (1.4–11) were synthesized via co-precipitation from a solution obtained through the acidic (HCl) leaching of a black mass originating from the mechanical recycling of spent alkaline and Zn–C batteries. The oxides obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the samples were also investigated. The Raman spectroscopy results showed all the binary metallic oxides belong to the Zn x Mn3− x O4 (0.25 ≤ x ≥ 1.75) type. All showed a spinel crystalline structure. The saturation magnetization decreases with the Zn/Mn molar ratio; a maximum of 13.19 emu g −1 was found for the molar ratio of 11 at the Curie temperature (25.5 K). XPS showed that all the synthesized compounds contained Mn 2+, Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ . Mn 2+ was the most prominent at a molar ratio of 11, Mn 3+ was most common at a molar ratio of 2, and Mn 4+ at 1.4.