"Always a glass ceiling." Gender or autism; the barrier to occupational inclusion. (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hayward, Susan M.; McVilly, Keith R.; Stokes, Mark A.
• Is Part Of: Research in autism spectrum disorders. Volume 56(2018:Dec.)
• Page Start: 50
• Page End: 60
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: ASD -- Asperger's -- Female -- Job -- Sex -- Work; Autism spectrum disorders -- Periodicals; 616.85882005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2018.09.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1750-9467

Abstract

Highlights: There is a paucity of research for women with high autistic traits (ATs) at work. Few studies have considered gender, ATs and work with a reference group. ATs, not gender, was significant to most vocational experiences. Women with high ATs ( vs women without autism) were less likely to work full-time. Women with high ATs reported challenges gaining and maintaining employment. Abstract: Background: Under- and unemployment adversely affect the economic, health, and social circumstances of people with autism; notably those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or high autistic traits (HATs). However, little research has been published comparing the experiences of women to men with HATs, and women without autism ( i.e ., those typically developing; TD) to ascertain if employment issues are a function of gender or autistic traits (ATs). Method: An anonymous online survey was conducted attracting 28 women and 18 men with HATs aged 18–68 years ( M = 38.63, SD = 13.12), with a further 21 TD women and 16 TD men aged 23–62 years ( M = 38.38, SD = 10.32). Quantitative data were analysed via logistic regression to ascertain the extent to which employment issues were a function of gender or ATs while controlling for confounding variables such as education, and age. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, then quantitatively using chi-square or Fisher's Exact Test. Results: It was found that ATs, not gender, was significant to most vocational experiences. Conclusions: It is proposed that employers place greater importance on technical ability than social-communication skills when hiring and supervising women with HATs to reduce barriers and increase workplace diversity.