Polyphenol extracts interfere with bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro and decrease postprandial endotoxemia in human volunteers. (October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wong, Ximena; Madrid, Ana María; Tralma, Karina; Castillo, Romina; Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina; Navarrete, Paola; Beltrán, Caroll; Pastene, Edgar; Gotteland, Martin
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 26(2016)
• Page Start: 406
• Page End: 417
• Publication Date: 2016-10
• Subjects: Proanthocyanidins -- Lipase -- Lipopolysaccharide -- Obesity -- Triacylglycerol -- Interleukin-6; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.011
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Highlights: Four proanthocyanidin-rich polyphenol extracts from fruits were evaluated in vitro . Grape extract (GE) was more potent in inhibiting pancreatic lipase and binding LPS. In humans, GE did not affect the increase of triglyceridemia after a high fat meal. GE decreased the post-prandial elevation of plasma LPS in obese/overweight subjects. GE might decrease metabolic endotoxemia by interfering with LPS in the gut lumen. Abstract: The intestinal absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dietary fat has been implicated in the development of metabolic endotoxemia. This study first compared the ability of polyphenol extracts from grape, cranberry, avocado and apple to interfere with pancreatic lipase and LPS in vitro . The grape extract displayed a higher inhibitory activity of lipase (IC50 = 8.6 ± 1.1 mg/ml) and LPS binding (IC50 = 90 ± 1.1 µg/ml). Then, a study was carried out in 12 normal weight and 17 overweight/obese subjects to determine the effect of this extract on the postprandial changes in plasma triacylglycerols, LPS and IL-6. The presence of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), in which higher levels of bacteria and eventually LPS are present in the upper intestine, i.e. where dietary fat absorption occurs, was also evaluated. Compared with placebo, the grape extract did not affect postprandial triacylglycerolemia but decreased plasma LPS, without affecting the IL-6-associated inflammatory response. SIBO did not affect these variables.