Isotopic labeling of milk disialogangliosides (GD3). (October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Reis, Mariza Gomes; Bibiloni, Rodrigo; McJarrow, Paul; MacGibbon, Alastair; Fong, Bertram; Bassett, Shalome; Roy, Nicole; dos Reis, Marlon Martins
• Is Part Of: Chemistry and physics of lipids. Volume 200(2016)
• Page Start: 104
• Page End: 112
• Publication Date: 2016-10
• Subjects: 1H NMR proton nuclear magnetic resonance -- 2H6-GD3 Neu5Ac-2H3α2-8Neu5Ac-2H3-GD3 -- GD3 disialoganglioside -- Gal galactose -- Glu glucose -- Sph sphingosine -- FA fatty acid -- H1Gal anomeric hydrogen from galactose -- H1Glc anomeric hydrogen from glucose -- FAαH α hydrogen from fatty acid portion -- H3-Sia hydrogen at sialic acid carbon 3 -- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography -- LC–MS liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry -- N-deacetyl-GD3 Neu5α2-8Neu5-GD3 -- SPE solid phase extraction -- HPTLC high performance thin layer chromatography -- UV ultraviolet; GD3 -- Ganglioside -- Milk -- Isotopic labeling -- Deuterium -- Absorption -- Oral; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipids -- Periodicals; Lipides -- Périodiques; Lipids; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 547.77
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.08.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0009-3084

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: A methodology for preparing labeled GD3 is reported. The semi-synthesis relies on an N-deacetylation followed by a chemoselective acetylation. Both sialic acid groups of GD3 were modified. The optimized condition using Triton-X 100 provided 2 H6 -GD3 in approximately 60% yield. Some ingested milk gangliosides are absorbed and transported into the bloodstream without modification. Abstract: The most abundant ganglioside group in both human milk and bovine milk during the first postnatal week is ganglioside GD3. This group of disialogangliosides forms up to 80% of the total ganglioside content of colostrum. Although dietary gangliosides have shown biological activity such as improvement of cognitive development, gastrointestinal health, and immune function, there is still a gap in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing its uptake and the metabolic processes affecting its bioavailability. The use of isotopically labeled ganglioside to track the bioavailability, absorption, distribution, and metabolism of gangliosides may provide key information to bridge this gap. However, isotope labeled GD3 is not commercially available and its preparation has not been described. We report for the first time the preparation of labeled GD3 with stable isotopes. Using alkaline hydrolysis, we were able to selectively remove both acetyl groups from the tetrasaccharide portion of GD3 without promoting significant hydrolysis of the ceramide portion of the molecule to generate N-deacetyl-GD3 (Neu5α2-8Neu5-GD3). The N-deacetyl-GD3 was then chemoselectively re-acetylated in aqueous medium using deuterated acetic anhydride in the presence of Triton X 100 to produce 2 H6 -GD3 {GD3[(Neu5Ac-11- 2 H3 )-(Neu5Ac-11- 2 H3 )]}. This method provided 2 H6 -GD3 with approximately 60% yield. This compound was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The oral absorption of the 2 H6 -GD3 was demonstrated using a Sprague-Dawley weaning rats. Our results indicate that some ingested labeled milk gangliosides are absorbed and transported into the bloodstream without modification.