Design Principles for SuCESsFul Biosensors: Specific Fluorophore/Analyte Binding and Minimization of Fluorophore/Scaffold Interactions. Issue 20 (9th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: de Picciotto, Seymour; Dickson, Paige M.; Traxlmayr, Michael W.; Marques, Bryan S.; Socher, Elke; Zhao, Sixing; Cheung, Stephanie; Kiefer, Jonathan D.; Wand, A. Joshua; Griffith, Linda G.; Imperiali, Barbara; Wittrup, K. Dane
• Is Part Of: Journal of molecular biology. Volume 428:Issue 20(2016:Oct. 15)
• Page Start: 4228
• Page End: 4241
• Publication Date: 2016-10-09
• Subjects: SuCESsFul scaffold conjugated to environment-sensitive fluorophore -- YSD yeast surface display -- Fn3 10th type 3 domain of human fibronectin -- FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting -- SUMO small ubiquitylation-modified -- DARPin designed ankyrin repeat protein -- Sso7d small DNA-binding domain derived from Sulfolobus solfataricus -- BTC betacellulin -- EGF epidermal growth factor -- NBD nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole -- Badan 6-Bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene -- 4-DMN 4-N, N-dimethylamino-1, 8-naphthalimide -- 4-DMAP 4-dimethylaminophthalimide -- MBP maltose-binding protein -- TROSY transverse relaxation-optimized spectrscopy -- CSP chemical shift perturbation -- wtMBP wild-type MBP -- MSA mouse serum albumin -- TICT twisted intramolecular charge transfer -- PBS phosphate buffered saline; solvatochromism -- Sso7d scaffold -- sensors -- protein engineering -- directed evolution; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Biology -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Bacteriology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Biologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Biologie -- Périodiques; Biochimie -- Périodiques; Moleculaire biologie; Biochemistry; Biology; Molecular biology; Periodicals; 572.805
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.07.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-2836

Abstract

Abstract: Quantifying protein location and concentration is critical for understanding function in situ .S caffoldc onjugated toe nvironment-s ensitivef luorophore (SuCESsFul) biosensors, in which a reporting fluorophore is conjugated to a binding scaffold, can, in principle, detect analytes of interest with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, their adoption has been limited due to the extensive empirical screening required for their development. We sought to establish design principles for this class of biosensor by characterizing over 400 biosensors based on various protein analytes, binding proteins, and fluorophores. We found that the brightest readouts are attained when a specific binding pocket for the fluorophore is present on the analyte. Also, interaction of the fluorophore with the binding protein it is conjugated to can raise background fluorescence, considerably limiting sensor dynamic range. Exploiting these two concepts, we designed biosensors that attain a 100-fold increase in fluorescence upon binding to analyte, an order of magnitude improvement over the previously best-reported SuCESsFul biosensor. These design principles should facilitate the development of improved SuCESsFul biosensors. Graphical Abstract: Highlights: SuCESsFul biosensors report protein interactions via environment-sensitive dyes. We observed that the current design principles are insufficient. Fluorophore-binding pockets are required for strong fluorescence activation. Scaffold/fluorophore interaction can raise background fluorescence. Using our new design criteria, we engineered the most responsive sensor to date.