Three-dimensional cellulose sponge: Fabrication, characterization, biomimetic mineralization, and in vitro cell infiltration. (20th January 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Joshi, Mahesh Kumar; Pant, Hem Raj; Tiwari, Arjun Prasad; Maharjan, Bikendra; Liao, Nina; kim, Han Joo; Park, Chan Hee; Kim, Cheol Sang
• Is Part Of: Carbohydrate polymers. Volume 136(2016)
• Page Start: 154
• Page End: 162
• Publication Date: 2016-01-20
• Subjects: Cellulose -- 3D scaffold -- Biomimetic mineralization -- Saponification; Polysaccharides -- Periodicals; Polysaccharides -- Periodicals; Polysaccharides -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 547.78
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.018
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0144-8617

Abstract

Highlights: Electrospun cellulose acetate mat was fabricated and saponified to regenerate cellulose. 2D cellulose mat was modified into 3D spongy structure using a gas foaming technique. Large pore and thin layered structure of 3D cellulose sponge allowed cell infiltration and growth. The 3D cellulose sponge showed the better hydroxyapatite nucleation ability. Calcium deficient Ca–P is deposited on the surface of the nanofiber. Abstract: In this study, cellulose based scaffolds were produced by electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) solution followed by its saponification with NaOH/ethanol system for 24 h. The resulting nonwoven cellulose mat was treated with sodium borohydride (SB) solution. In situ hydrolysis of SB solution into the pores of the membrane produced hydrogen gas resulting a three-dimensional (3D) cellulose sponge. SEM images demonstrated an open porous and loosely packed fibrous mesh compared to the tightly packed single-layered structure of the conventional electrospun membrane. 3D cellulose sponge showed admirable ability to nucleate bioactive calcium phosphate (Ca–P) crystals in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. SEM-EDX and X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the minerals deposited on the nanofibers have the nonstoichiometric composition similar to that of hydroxyapatite, the mineralized component of the bone. 3D cellulose sponge exhibited the better cell infiltration, spreading and proliferation compared to 2D cellulose mat. Therefore, a facile fabrication of 3D cellulose sponge with improved mineralization represents an innovative strategy for the bone tissue engineering applications.