Characterization of particle number and mass size distributions from a small compression ignition engine operating in diesel/methane dual fuel mode. (15th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Di Iorio, Silvana; Magno, Agnese; Mancaruso, Ezio; Vaglieco, Bianca Maria
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 180(2016)
• Page Start: 613
• Page End: 623
• Publication Date: 2016-09-15
• Subjects: AFRst stoichiometric air fuel ratio -- ATDC after top dead center -- BSFC brake specific fuel consumption -- cad crank angle degree -- CH4 methane -- CI compression ignition -- CO carbon monoxide -- CoV coefficient of variation -- CO2 carbon dioxide -- CN cetane number -- CR common rail -- D diesel -- DEED Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter -- DF dual fuel -- Dm mean particle diameter -- DOC diesel oxidation catalyst -- DOI duration of injection -- Dp particle diameter -- DPF diesel particulate filter -- ECU electronic control unit -- EEPS Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer -- EGR exhaust gas recirculation -- FSN filter smoke number -- imep indicated mean effective pressure -- λ relative air–fuel ratio -- LHV lower heating value -- ṁ mass flow rate -- M total particle mass -- MHC methane hydrocarbons -- N total particle number -- NO nitrogen monoxide -- NOx nitrogen oxides -- PES percentage energy substitution -- Pb brake power output -- PM particulate matter -- PMP particle measurement programme -- PMSDF particle mass size distribution function -- PNSDF particle number size distribution function -- ROHR rate of heat release -- ρ density -- SM smoke meter -- SOC start of combustion -- SOI start of injection -- Tb brake torque output -- TDC top dead center -- THC total hydrocarbons; Dual-fuel engine -- Methane -- Combustion -- Particle emissions -- Number and mass size distributions; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.108
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Highlights: Particle number and mass size distributions were detected at exhaust of CI engine operating in DF mode. DF operation reduces the number of particles at all operating conditions. The size of particles emitted in DF operation is affected by the different pilot combustion phase. In-cylinder indicating data analysis of DF combustion explains different particle number and mass at exhaust. Abstract: The use of gas fuels in compression ignition engines through dual fuel technology represents a promising way to reach a good compromise among sustainable development, energy conservation and environmental preservation. Dual fuel is an operation mode in which the gas, the primary fuel, is mixed with air in the intake manifold before entering into the cylinder. The air–fuel mixture is then ignited by a small amount of liquid fuel directly injected in the cylinder towards the end of the compression stroke. Methane is particularly attractive because of its potential to reduce particulate emissions that are likely the most critical issue of diesel engine exhaust. The present work deals with an experimental activity carried out on a compression ignition engine modified to run in diesel/methane dual fuel mode. The engine is a three-cylinder, 1.0 L of displacement, equipped with a common rail injection system. Experiments were carried out at different engine speeds and loads. For each engine speed, a fixed part of the total energy was supplied by the diesel combustion and the remaining by varying the concentration of methane in the intake. Thermodynamics analysis of the combustion process was performed by in-cylinder pressure signal. Particulate matter emissions were measured at the exhaust by commercial instruments. The sizing and the counting of the particles were performed in the diameter range 5.6–560 nm. It was found out that the effect of diesel/methane combustion on particle formation is strongly affected by the operating condition. In particular, it arose that DF combustion emits lower amount of particles whose size with respect to diesel fuel is related to the different combustion evolution.