Hydraulic characterization of diesel engine single-hole injectors. (15th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Payri, R.; Gimeno, J.; Cuisano, J.; Arco, J.
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 180(2016)
• Page Start: 357
• Page End: 366
• Publication Date: 2016-09-15
• Subjects: Diesel -- n-Dodecane -- Cavitation -- Injection rate -- Spray momentum -- Hydraulic characterization; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.083
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Highlights: 5 cylindrical nozzles and 5 convergent ECN nozzles have been measured. Convergent nozzles do not present cavitation. n-Dodecane injects less than diesel because of its lower density. Spray momentum is not affected by cavitation. Higher injection for the convergent nozzles despite the smaller diameter. Abstract: Due to world trend on the emission regulations and greater demand of fuel economy, the research on advanced diesel injector designs is a key factor for the next generation diesel engines. For that reason, it is well established that understanding the effects of the nozzle geometry on the spray development, fuel–air mixing, combustion and pollutants formation is of crucial importance to achieve these goals. In the present research, the influence of the injector nozzle geometry on the internal flow characteristics is studied. For this purpose, ten single-hole diesel injectors differing in the orifices degree of conicity (five cylindrical, five conical) but with similar nozzle flow capacity have been characterized geometrically (measurements of nozzle outlet section) and hydraulically. The mass flow and momentum flux rates have been measured for a wide range of experimental conditions. Special attention is given to study the cavitation phenomenon since the cylindrically-shaped nozzle orifices are expected to propitiate cavitation due to abrupt changes in flow direction. The study has been carried out with two different fuels: n-dodecane and commercial diesel, thereby the effect of the fuel properties is also analyzed. The results show that the measured nozzle outlet diameters are higher than the nominal specification for both nozzle types. As expected, the onset of cavitation on the cylindrical nozzles has been identified causing a reduction on the injected mass for all tested conditions. The effective diameter for the cylindrical nozzles have been found to be around 175 μm (geometrical diameter ≈212 μm) and around 185 μm (geometrical diameter ≈191 μm) for the conical ones. Finally, the higher density of diesel with respect to n-dodecane have resulted on mass flow rates around 8% over the n-dodecane values for the same test conditions.