Factors which influence treatment initiation for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection in HIV negative patients; a multicentre observational study. (November 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rawson, Timothy M.; Abbara, Aula; Kranzer, Katharina; Ritchie, Andrew; Milburn, James; Brown, Tim; Adeboyeku, David; Buckley, Jim; Davidson, Robert N.; Berry, Matthew; Kon, Onn Min; John, Laurence
• Is Part Of: Respiratory medicine. Volume 120(2016)
• Page Start: 101
• Page End: 108
• Publication Date: 2016-11
• Subjects: Non-tuberculous mycobacterium -- Anti-mycobacterial chemotherapy -- Factors influencing treatment -- Epidemiology -- HIV-Negative; Chest -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Chest -- Diseases -- Great Britain -- Periodicals; Respiratory organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Respiratory Tract Diseases -- Periodicals; Appareil respiratoire -- Maladies -- Périodiques; Thorax -- Maladies -- Périodiques; Appareil respiratoire -- Maladies -- Traitement -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.10.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0954-6111

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Clinical, radiological and microbiological criteria inform diagnosis of pulmonary Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) disease and treatment decisions. This multicentre, review aims to characterise NTM disease meeting ATS/IDSA criteria and define factors associated with initiation of treatment. Methods: Sputum samples growing NTM from 5 London hospitals between 2010 and 2014 were identified. Data for HIV-negative individuals meeting ATS/IDSA guidelines for pulmonary NTM disease were extracted. Associations between clinical variables and treatment decision were investigated using Chi-squared, Fishers-exact or Mann Whitney tests. Factors associated with treatment in univariate analysis (p < 0.150) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: NTM were identified from 817 individuals' sputum samples. 108 met ATS/IDSA criteria. 42/108 (39%) were initiated on treatment. Median age was 68 (56–78) in the cohort. On multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with treatment of pulmonary NTM infection were: Cavitation on HRCT (OR: 6.49; 95% CI: 2.36–17.81), presenting with night sweats (OR 4.18; 95% CI: 1.08–16.13), and presenting with weight loss (OR 3.02; 95% CI: 1.15–7.93). Of those treated, 18(43%) have completed treatment, 9(21%) remain on treatment, 10(24%) stopped due to side effects, 5(12%) died during treatment. Mortality was 31% (n = 13) in treated versus 21% (n = 14) in the non-treated cohort. Subgroup analysis of individual NTM species did not observe any differences in treatment initiation or outcomes between groups. Discussion: Decision to treat pulmonary NTM infection requires clinical judgement when interpreting clinical guidelines. Factors independently associated with decision to treat in this HIV-negative cohort include cavitation on HRCT and presenting with night sweats or weight loss. Highlights: Mycobacterium Avium Complex is the most prevalent cause of pulmonary NTM disease in West London. Cavity disease, weight loss and night sweats are independently associated with treatment initiation. Treatment guidelines appear to be well adhered to in the management of pulmonary NTM disease. Mortality is high in pulmonary NTM disease, reflecting the comorbid nature of these populations. We must avoid aggregation of NTM species, investigating outcomes for individual species separately.