Conceptualising creativity benefits of nature experience: Attention restoration and mind wandering as complementary processes. (October 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Williams, Kathryn J.H.; Lee, Kate E.; Hartig, Terry; Sargent, Leisa D.; Williams, Nicholas S.G.; Johnson, Katherine A.
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental psychology. Volume 59(2018)
• Page Start: 36
• Page End: 45
• Publication Date: 2018-10
• Subjects: Environmental psychology -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Psychology -- Periodicals; 155.905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0272-4944

Abstract

Abstract: Accumulating evidence indicates that time spent in natural environments promotes creativity, but few researchers have considered how this occurs. We evaluate two candidate mechanisms, attention restoration and mind wandering. We compare the accounts in terms of attentional focus, brain network activation, cognitive effects, and the temporal progression of these processes across the stages of creativity. Based on this analysis, we propose that (1) gentle shifts between externally oriented soft fascination and internally oriented mind wandering can occur during nature experience; (2) this provides the basis for mutually reinforcing pathways that enhance attention control following nature experience; and (3) mind wandering might support additional benefits for creativity, including flexibility and new associations of ideas. We propose research to test the proposed pathways, including the conditions under which environments influence creativity, the ebb and flow of attention orientation during environmental experience, and the links between attentional focus, brain network activation and creativity. Highlights: We propose dual pathways through which nature experience promotes creativity. Soft fascination and mind wandering may mutually reinforce attention restoration. Mind wandering may support additional benefits, including new association of ideas. Shifts between external and internal attention orientation engage these pathways.