An archival analysis of sexual assault victims' age estimation accuracy when describing stranger offenders. Issue 10 (26th November 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Thorley, Craig; Almond, Louise; Gregory, Adam; McAlonan, Vanessa; McLoughlin, Amy
• Is Part Of: Psychology, crime & law. Volume 24:Issue 10(2018)
• Page Start: 1030
• Page End: 1049
• Publication Date: 2018-11-26
• Subjects: Sexual assault -- rape -- age estimation -- own-age bias -- memory; Criminal psychology -- Periodicals; Law -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; 364.3
• DOI: 10.1080/1068316X.2018.1503662
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1068-316X

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Approximately 10% of all serious sexual assaults in England and Wales involve victims and offenders who are strangers. The victims often estimate the stranger offender's age during police interviews. These age estimations, if accurate, can help identify offenders. This archival analysis examined the accuracy of 546 stranger sexual assault victims' age estimations. It also examined whether their accuracy can be predicted by victim age – offender age differences, victim age – offender estimated age differences, victim race – offender race differences, victim intoxication, victims' duration of exposure to offenders, the time delay between assaults and age estimations, whether offenders have weapons, and whether offenders use sighting precautions. Amongst the descriptive findings, we found victims' mean age estimation error was 4.78 years, the degree of over- and underestimation was equivalent, that only 12.5% of age estimations were within 0.99 years of an offender's true age, but 90% were within 9.99 years of an offender's true age. Only victim age – offender age differences and, importantly, victim age – offender estimated age differences predicted age estimation accuracy: as age differences decreased, accuracy increased. These findings can help predict stranger sexual assault victims' age estimation accuracy in future cases.