Mechanisms of arsenic disruption on gonadal, adrenal and thyroid endocrine systems in humans: A review. (October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sun, Hong–Jie; Xiang, Ping; Luo, Jun; Hong, Huachang; Lin, Hongjun; Li, Hong-Bo; Ma, Lena Q.
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 95(2016:Oct.)
• Page Start: 61
• Page End: 68
• Publication Date: 2016-10
• Subjects: Arsenite -- Arsenate -- Endocrine disruptor -- Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis -- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -- Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Abstract: Due to its toxicity as a carcinogen and wide distribution in the environment, arsenic (As) exposure in humans is of public concern globally. Many studies have manifested that As exposure induces cancers besides pathological effects in humans. Animal studies showed that chronic As exposure induces serious neurological effects. Based on recent studies, researchers proposed that As, including arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), is also an endocrine disruptor. This review discusses the mechanisms of As toxicity on three endocrine systems including gonadal, adrenal and thyroid endocrine systems. Arsenic methylation and oxidative stress are responsible for As-induced disorders of endocrine systems, however, strong binding of AsIII to thiols also play an important role. Some studies showed AsV toxicity on endocrine systems, but mechanistic investigation is lacking. Research is needed to look into their toxicity mechanisms to help cure the illnesses caused by As-induced endocrine system disorders. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Focused on arsenic toxicity as an endocrine disruptor in humans Arsenic toxicity including arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) Discussed three endocrine systems including gonadal, adrenal and thyroid Strong binding of AsIII to thiols plays an important role in AsIII-induced disorder. Arsenic methylation and oxidative stress are responsible for AsV-induced disorder.