Interleukin 15: A key cytokine for immunotherapy. (October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Patidar, Manoj; Yadav, Naveen; Dalai, Sarat K.
• Is Part Of: Cytokine & growth factor reviews. Volume 31(2016)
• Page Start: 49
• Page End: 59
• Publication Date: 2016-10
• Subjects: IL 15 Interleukin-15 -- NK Natural killer cells -- DC Dendritic cells -- IL-15Rα Rβ & Rϒ, IL-15 Receptor alpha, beta & gamma -- IRF Interferon regulatory factor -- NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- SSP short signal peptide -- LSP long signal peptide -- CCR7 C-C chemokine receptor type 7 -- KLRG1 Killer-cell lectin like receptor G1 -- MCL-1 myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein -- TB Tuberculosis -- NKG2D Lectin-like stimulatory receptor natural killer group 2D -- M. Tb Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guérin -- KO knockout -- Pb-spz P. berghei sporozoite -- TCM T central memory -- NOD-SCID Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency -- CY Cyclophosphamide -- PBL Peripheral blood lymphocytes -- JAK Janus Kinase -- STAT Signal transducers and activators of transcription -- Bcl-2/xL B-cell lymphoma 2/extra large -- Ras Serine/threonine-selective protein kinases -- Raf GTPase -- MAPK Microtubule associated protein kinase -- TCR T cell receptors MHC Major histocompatibility complex -- Ka affinity or association constant -- SHC Src homology 2 domain containing -- ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinases -- SyK Spleen Tyrosine Kinase -- PCL1 Phospholipase C -- mTOR mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin -- E4BP4 E4 promoter-binding protein 4 -- TYK2 Tyrosine kinase 2 -- PGE2 Prostaglandin -- RA Rheumatoid arthritis -- IBD Inflammatory bowel diseases -- ATL Adult T-cell leukemia -- MNC mononuclear cell -- AD Autoimmune diseases -- PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- HTLV-1 Human T-lymphotropic virus -- Myc myelocytomatosis oncogene -- Hdac-1 Histone Deacetylase 1 -- miR-29b miR-29 microRNA precursor -- Dnmt3b DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 3 Beta -- GC Germinal centre -- CNS Central nervous system -- Treg regulatory T cells -- T1D type 1 diabetes -- MICA MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A; Interleukin-15 -- JAK/STAT -- mTOR -- Autoimmune diseases; Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.06.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-6101

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: IL-15 is a critical modulator for ensuring the host defence against intracellular pathogens. IL-15 is not only involved in maintaining the naïve, effector and memory T cells, but also play a predominant role in reactivation of memory T cells. IL-15 is widely expressed by many cell types and its expression is tightly regulated due to its pro-inflammatory nature. Short half-life and poor bioavailability of IL-15 limit its therapeutic use. Targeting the IL-15 signaling pathway could be beneficial and might address many clinical problems. Abstract: Interleukin (IL)-15, a member of the immunoregulatory cytokines family, is a pluripotent molecule with therapeutic potential. It is predominantly expressed by the myeloid cells, as well as other cell types. IL-15 serves multiple functions including dictating T cell response, regulating tissue repair and B cell homing, modulating inflammation, and activating NK cells. Among cytokines, IL-15 is unique because of its wide expression, tightly regulated secretion, trans-presentation, and therapeutic potential. IL-15 has been investigated for its therapeutic potential for the induction and maintenance of T cell responses. In addition, IL-15 can be targeted by antibody- or mutant IL-15 therapy to reduce inflammation. Its multifaceted biological applications are crucial in immunotherapy. In this article, we review the functions, expression, and regulation of IL-15 for designing an improved IL-15-based therapy targeting the IL-15 signaling pathway.