The use of acetone to enhance the infiltration of HA nanoparticles into a demineralized dentin collagen matrix. Issue 3 (March 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Besinis, Alexandros; van Noort, Richard; Martin, Nicolas
• Is Part Of: Dental materials. Volume 32:Issue 3(2016)
• Page Start: 385
• Page End: 393
• Publication Date: 2016-03
• Subjects: Remineralization -- Demineralization -- Nano-HA -- Collagen infiltration -- Wettability -- Surface free energy -- Contact angle measurements -- Electron microscopy -- Dentin bonding system -- Adhesive resin monomer; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Dental materials -- Periodicals; 617.695
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0109-5641

Abstract

Highlights: Demineralization of dentin causes a decrease in the surface free energy. Acetone added to a nano-HA solution increases the surface wetting of dentin. Acetone facilitates the infiltration of dentin collagen with HA nanoparticles. Mineral recovery of demineralized dentin is higher in the presence of acetone. Demineralized dentin absorbs nano-HA solutions faster due to increased permeability. Abstract: Objectives: This study investigates the role of acetone, as a carrier for nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) in solution, to enhance the infiltration of fully demineralized dentin with HA nanoparticles (NPs). Methods: Dentin specimens were fully demineralized and subsequently infiltrated with two types of water-based nano-HA solutions (one containing acetone and one without). Characterization of the dentin surfaces and nano-HA particles was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface wettability and infiltration capacity of the nano-HA solutions were quantified by means of contact angle measurements and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Contact angle measurements were taken at baseline and repeated at regular intervals to assess the effect of acetone. The P and Ca levels of infiltrated dentin specimens were measured and compared to sound dentin and non-infiltrated controls. Results: The presence of acetone resulted in an eight-fold decrease in the contact angles of the nano-HA solutions recorded on the surface of demineralized dentin compared to nano-HA solutions without acetone (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Perfect wetting of the demineralized dentin surface was achieved 5 min after the application of the nano-HA solution containing acetone. Infiltration of demineralized dentin with the nano-HA solution containing acetone restored the lost mineral content by 50%, whereas the mean mineralization values for P and Ca in dentin treated with the acetone-free nano-HA solution were less than 6%. Significance: Acetone was shown to act as a vehicle to enhance the capacity to infiltrate demineralized dentin with HA NPs. The successful infiltration of dentin collagen with HA NPs provides a suitable scaffold, whereby the infiltrated HA NPs have the potential to act as seeds that may initiate heterogenous mineral growth when exposed to an appropriate mineral-rich environment.