Eating to live or living to eat? Exploring the causal attributions of self-perceived food addiction. (1st December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ruddock, Helen K.; Dickson, Joanne M.; Field, Matt; Hardman, Charlotte A.
• Is Part Of: Appetite. Volume 95(2015)
• Page Start: 262
• Page End: 268
• Publication Date: 2015-12-01
• Subjects: Food addiction -- Beliefs -- Causal attributions -- Thematic analysis; Food habits -- Periodicals; Appetite -- Periodicals; Appetite disorders -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 306.4613
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.07.018
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0195-6663

Abstract

Abstract: Previous studies indicate that many people perceive themselves to be addicted to food. However, little is known about how the concept of 'food addiction' is defined amongst members of the lay public. The current study examined beliefs about the cognitive and behavioural manifestations of food addiction. Participants ( N = 210) completed an internet-delivered questionnaire in which they indicated whether or not they perceived themselves to be a food addict and provided a brief explanation for their response. Over a quarter of participants (28%) perceived themselves to be food addicts and self-diagnosis was predicted by increased BMI and younger age, but not by gender. Thematic analysis was conducted to explore the causal attributions provided by self-perceived food addicts and non-addicts. Six characteristics were identified: 1) Reward-driven eating (i.e. eating for psychological rather than physiological reasons), 2) A functional or psychological preoccupation with food, 3) A perceived lack of self-control around food, 4) Frequent food cravings, 5) Increased weight or an unhealthy diet, and 6) A problem with a specific type of food. The emergent themes, and their frequency, did not differ between self-perceived food addicts and non-addicts. However, self-perceived food addicts and non-addicts reported divergent cognitions, behaviours and attitudes within each common theme. This study is the first to provide qualitative insight into beliefs about food addiction in both self-perceived food addicts and non-addicts. The findings appear to reflect a view of food addiction that is identifiable through several core behaviours. Highlights: Participants indicated whether or not they believed they were a food addict. They also provided an explanation for their response. Over a quarter of participants perceived themselves to be food addicts. Six causal attributions of self-perceived food addiction were identified. Self-perceived food addicts and non-addicts reported divergent behaviours.