Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced in vitro by solvent-extractable organic matter of size-segregated urban particulate matter. (November 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Velali, Ekaterini; Papachristou, Eleni; Pantazaki, Anastasia; Choli-Papadopoulou, Theodora; Argyrou, Nikoleta; Tsourouktsoglou, Theodora; Lialiaris, Stergios; Constantinidis, Alexandros; Lykidis, Dimitrios; Lialiaris, Thedore S.; Besis, Athanasios; Voutsa, Dimitra; Samara, Constantini
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 218(2016)
• Page Start: 1350
• Page End: 1362
• Publication Date: 2016-11
• Subjects: 8-OHdG -- Comet assay -- DNA -- MTT assay -- PARP -- SCE assay -- TNF-α; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Three organic fractions of different polarity, including a non polar organic fraction (NPOF), a moderately polar organic fraction (MPOF), and a polar organic fraction (POF) were obtained from size-segregated (<0.49, 0.49–0.97, 0.97–3 and >3 μm) urban particulate matter (PM) samples, and tested for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity induced by the organic PM fractions was measured by the mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MTT) cell viability assay applied on MRC-5 human lung epithelial cells. DNA damages were evaluated through the comet assay, determination of the poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, and the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, while pro-inflammatory effects were assessed by determination of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mediator release. In addition, the Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) inducibility of the solvent-extractable organic matter was measured on human peripheral lymphocyte. Variations of responses were assessed in relation to the polarity (hence the expected composition) of the organic PM fractions, particle size, locality, and season. Organic PM fractions were found to induce rather comparable Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM appeared to be rather independent from the polarity of the extractable organic PM matter (EOM) with POF often being relatively more toxic than NPOF or MPOF. All assays indicated stronger mass-normalized bioactivity for fine than coarse particles peaking in the 0.97–3 and/or the 0.49–0.97 μm size ranges. Nevertheless, the air volume-normalized bioactivity in all assays was highest for the <0.49 μm size range highlighting the important human health risk posed by the inhalation of these quasi-ultrafine particles. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Organic fractions of variable polarity were obtained from size-segregated urban PM. Induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed in vitro using bioassays. Responses varied mostly in relation to particle size, locality, and season. The mass-normalized bioactivity was highest in the 0.49–3 μm size range. The air volume-normalized bioactivity was highest for the <0.49 μm size range. Abstract : Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by solvent-extractable organic matter of urban PM was measured and associations with particle size, season, and locality were investigated.