Investigation of pharmaceuticals in processed animal by-products by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. (July 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nácher-Mestre, Jaime; Ibáñez, María; Serrano, Roque; Boix, Clara; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Lunestad, Bjørn Tore; Hannisdal, Rita; Alm, Martin; Hernández, Félix; Berntssen, Marc H.G.
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 154(2016)
• Page Start: 231
• Page End: 239
• Publication Date: 2016-07
• Subjects: Aquaculture -- Processed animal products -- Salmon -- Liquid chromatography -- Screening -- Undesirables -- Pharmaceuticals -- Dyes -- Quadrupole time-of-flight; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.091
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: There is an on-going trend for developing more sustainable salmon feed in which traditionally applied marine feed ingredients are replaced with alternatives. Processed animal products (PAPs) have been re-authorized as novel high quality protein ingredients in 2013. These PAPs may harbor undesirable substances such as pharmaceuticals and metabolites which are not previously associated with salmon farming, but might cause a potential risk for feed and food safety. To control these contaminants, an analytical strategy based on a generic extraction followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) using quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer (QTOF MS) was applied for wide scope screening. Quality control samples, consisting of PAP commodities spiked at 0.02, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg with 150 analytes, were injected in every sample batch to verify the overall method performance. The methodology was applied to 19 commercially available PAP samples from six different types of matrices from the EU animal rendering industry. This strategy allows assessing possible emergent risk exposition of the salmon farming industry to 1005 undesirables, including pharmaceuticals, several dyes and relevant metabolites. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Investigation of pharmaceuticals in commercially processed animal proteins (PAP). Broad screening for around 1000 permitted and prohibited residues in salmon feed. Pharmaceutical agents and marker dyes in PAPs might be introduced in novel aquafeeds. Current interest for control authorities in food safety and public health.