PP.11.11: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS CLOSELY RELATED TO CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS. A POPULATION-BASED STUDY FROM SPAIN. (June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gorostidi, M.; Sanchez-Martinez, M.; Cruz, J.J. De La; Graciani, A.; Banegas, J.R.
• Is Part Of: Journal of hypertension. Volume 33(2015)Supplement 1
• Publication Date: 2015-06
• Subjects: Hypertension -- Periodicals; Hypertension -- Periodicals; 616.132005
• DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000468043.74069.c2
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-5598

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem worldwide. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of CKD in Spain and to assess associated risk factors. Design and method: We studied 11, 505 individuals representative of the Spanish population aged > 18 years. Information was collected through standardized questionnaires, physical examination, and 12-h fasting of blood and urine samples. Creatinine was determined by Jaffé, alcalin picrate by kinetic reaction, and microalbumin by polyethylene glycol–enhanced immunoturbidimetry. The laboratory tests were performed centrally using standard procedures and appropriate quality controls. Kidney function was graded according current KDIGO definitions for CKD staging. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated by the CKD-EPI equation. The prevalence of CKD, stratified by sex, age, and presence/absence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) was estimated. Relationship between CKD and a total of 12 CVD risk factors (CVRF), following ESH/ESC guidelines definitions, was assessed in subjects with no CVD. Analyzed CVRF were age, hypertension, general obesity, abdominal obesity, smoking, diagnosed hypercholesterolemia, high total cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides, diabetes, and sedentary habit. Results: Mean age of study participants was 47.0 ± 17.0 years (49.3% males). Prevalence of CKD was 15.1 % (95% CI, 14.3–16.0). CKD was more frequent in men than women (23.1% vs 7.3%, p < 0.001), and increased with age (4.8% in 18-to-44-years' subjects, 17.4% in 45-to-64-years' subjects, and 37.3% in individuals aged 65 or more; p-trend <0.001). CKD prevalence within subjects with no CVD was 14.6% whereas it was 39.8% in subjects with CVD (p < 0.001). CKD affected <4% of subjects with 0–1 CVRF, and then to 8.5%, 12.4%, 16.2%, 23.3%, 25.5%, 27.9%, 33.7%, 35.4%, 41.7%, 70.0%, and 100% in subjects with 2 to 12 CVRF respectively (p-trend < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of CKD in Spain was around 15%. CKD was particularly prevalent in men, older subjects, and individuals with CVD. There was a continuosusly increasing prevalence of CKD with the clustering of CVRF. We suggest that CKD could be interpreted as a cardiovascular condition in the population.