Phenylpropanoic acid-based DESs as efficient extractants and catalysts for the removal of sulfur compounds from oil. (1st February 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mao, Chun-feng; Zhao, Rong-xiang; Li, Xiu-ping
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 189(2017)
• Page Start: 400
• Page End: 407
• Publication Date: 2017-02-01
• Subjects: Zinc chloride -- Phenylpropanoic acid -- Deep eutectic solvents -- Desulfurization; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.113
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Graphical abstract: C9 H10 O2 ·0.5ZnCl2 DESs are synthesized by simple mixing of raw materials at 110 °C. The highly efficient desulphurization system developed uses a C9 H10 O2 ·0.5ZnCl2 DESs as the extraction agent and catalyst, and H2 O2 as the oxidant. In the oxidation desulfurization system, the H2 O2 dose is very small and the temperature is low. The DESs were characterized through FT-IR, ESI-MS, and TGA. The characterization results show that formation of the DESs involves hydrogen bonding. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the reaction velocity of extractant-oxidation desulfurization system is very fast. The desulfurization rates are 99.23% in 60 min and 96.12% in 120 min for DBT and BT, respectively. Recycling of the DESs is investigated, and the results show that the rate of desulfurization drops slightly after five recycles. This result demonstrates that the highly efficient desulfurization system exhibits excellent stability for sulfur compounds. Highlights: The C9 H10 O2 ·0.5ZnCl2 DESs is synthesized by simple mixture. The hight efficient desulpfurization system use little H2 O2 at low temperature. The C9 H10 O2 ·0.5ZnCl2 as extractant and catalyst apply to the ODS. The removal rate of 99.23%, 96.12% and 98.4% for DBT, BT and 4, 6-DMDBT are attached. The desulpfurization system exhibits high desulfurization activity and stability. Abstract: A series of Brønsted-Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of C9 H10 O2 ·XZnCl2 (X from 0.5 to 3) were synthesized by simple mixing. The DESs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The desulfurization of a model oil was investigated using C9 H10 O2 ·XZnCl2 as the extraction agent and catalyst, and H2 O2 as the oxidant. The effects of the molar ratio of phenylpropanoic acid to zinc chloride, reaction temperature, oxygen to sulfur (O/S) molar ratio, and volume ratio of DESs to oil on the desulfurization rate were investigated. The optimal conditions for desulfurization were determined to be a phenylpropanoic acid to zinc chloride ratio of 2:1, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, an O/S ratio of 6, a DESs to oil volume ratio of 0.25:1, and a model oil dosage of 5 mL. Under the optimal conditions, a desulfurization rate of 99.23% in 80 min was achieved. The recyclability of the DESs was also investigated, and the results showed that the desulfurization rate decreased slightly after five runs. These results demonstrate that C9 H10 O2 ·0.5ZnCl2 DESs exhibit high desulfurization activity and stability in extraction and oxidation desulfurization systems.