Status of paratyphoid fever vaccine research and development. Issue 26 (3rd June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Martin, Laura B.; Simon, Raphael; MacLennan, Calman A.; Tennant, Sharon M.; Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant; Khan, M. Imran
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 34:Issue 26(2016)
• Page Start: 2900
• Page End: 2902
• Publication Date: 2016-06-03
• Subjects: Salmonella -- Paratyphoid fever -- Vaccines -- Vaccine development -- Enteric fever -- Developing countries -- Vaccine policy -- Salmonella paratyphi -- Salmonella paratyphi A; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.106
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: Salmonella Paratyphi infections are of significant public health importance. S. Typhi vaccine development supports biological feasibility of a S. Paratyphi A vaccine. Several monovalent and bivalent vaccines for S. Paratyphi A are in development. S. Paratyphi candidate vaccines are expected to start in the next five years. Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi ( S . Paratyphi) A and B cause enteric fever in humans. Of the paratyphoid group, S . Paratyphi A is the most common serovar. In 2000, there were an estimated 5.4 million cases of S . Paratyphi A worldwide. More recently paratyphoid fever has accounted for an increasing fraction of all cases of enteric fever. Although vaccines for typhoid fever have been developed and in use for decades, vaccines for paratyphoid fever have not yet been licensed. Several S . Paratyphi A vaccines, however, are in development and based on either whole cell live-attenuated strains or repeating units of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen (O:2) conjugated to different protein carriers. An O-specific polysaccharide (O:2) of S . Paratyphi A conjugated to tetanus toxoid (O:2-TT), for example, has been determined to be safe and immunogenic after one dose in Phase I and Phase II trials. Two other conjugated vaccine candidates linked to diphtheria toxin and a live-attenuated oral vaccine candidate are currently in preclinical development. As promising vaccine candidates are advanced along the development pipeline, an adequate supply of vaccines will need to be ensured to meet growing demand, particularly in the most affected countries.