Status of vaccine research and development for norovirus. Issue 26 (3rd June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Riddle, Mark S.; Walker, Richard I.
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 34:Issue 26(2016)
• Page Start: 2895
• Page End: 2899
• Publication Date: 2016-06-03
• Subjects: Norovirus -- Viral gastroenteritis -- Travelers' diarrhea -- Enteric vaccine development -- Adjuvants -- Impact assessment; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.077
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: Emerging data support an important burden of norovirus in both developed and developing world. A potential correlate of protection of histoblood group blocking antibodies is emerging. Virus-like particle vaccine approaches under development are entering Phase 2 human field trials. Additional epidemiology data are needed to accurately value the potential for a norovirus vaccine. Abstract: The global health community is beginning to gain an understanding of the global burden of norovirus-associated disease, which appears to have significant burden in both developed- and developing-country populations. Of particular importance is the growing recognition of norovirus as a leading cause of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in countries where rotavirus vaccine has been introduced. While not as severe as rotavirus disease, the sheer number of norovirus infections not limited to early childhood makes norovirus a formidable global health problem. This article provides a landscape review of norovirus vaccine development efforts. Multiple vaccine strategies, mostly relying on virus-like particle antigens, are under development and have demonstrated proof of efficacy in human challenge studies. Several are entering phase 2 clinical development. Norovirus vaccine development challenges include, but are not limited to: valency, induction of adequate immune responses in pediatric and elderly populations, and potential for vaccine-strain mismatch. Given current strategies and global health interest, the outlook for a norovirus vaccine is promising. Because a norovirus vaccine is expected to have a dual market in both developed and developing countries, there would likely be scale-up advantages for commercial development and global distribution. Combination with or expression by another enteric pathogen, such as rotavirus, could also enhance uptake of a norovirus vaccine.