A randomized controlled trial of the effects of n-3 fatty acids on resolvins in chronic kidney disease. Issue 2 (April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mas, Emilie; Barden, Anne; Burke, Valerie; Beilin, Lawrence J.; Watts, Gerald F.; Huang, Rae-Chi; Puddey, Ian B.; Irish, Ashley B.; Mori, Trevor A.
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 35:Issue 2(2016:Apr.)
• Page Start: 331
• Page End: 336
• Publication Date: 2016-04
• Subjects: Resolvins -- Fish oil -- Inflammation resolution -- Renal disease; EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- LC–MS/MS liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry -- 18-HEPE 18R/S-hydroxy-5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 16E-eicosapentaenoic acid -- 17-HDHA 17S-hydroxy-4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 15E, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid -- RvD1 7S, 8R, 17S-trihydroxy-4Z, 9E, 11E, 13Z, 15E, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid -- 17R-RvD1 7S, 8R, 17R-trihydroxy-4Z, 9E, 11E, 13Z, 15E19Z-docosahexaenoic acid -- RvD2 7S, 16R, 17S-trihydroxy-4Z, 8E, 10Z, 12E, 14E, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid -- 10S, 17S-diHDHA 10S, 17S-dihydroxy-4Z, 7Z, 11E, 13Z, 15E, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid -- protectin D1, PD1 10R, 17S-dihydroxy-4Z, 7Z, 11E, 13E, 15Z, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid -- LTB4-d4 leukotriene B4-d4 -- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid -- CVD cardiovascular disease -- CKD chronic kidney disease -- SPM specialized proresolving lipid mediator -- CoQ coenzyme Q10 -- ESRD end stage renal disease -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene -- GSH reduced glutathione -- LTB4-d4 leukotriene B4-deuterated -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha -- IL-10 interleukin-10 -- RvE1 resolvin E1 -- BMI body mass index -- eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.04.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background and objective: The high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related partially to chronic inflammation. n-3 Fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce the risk of CVD. Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) derived from the n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) actively promote the resolution of inflammation. This study evaluates the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma SPMs in patients with CKD. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention of factorial design, 85 patients were randomized to either n-3 fatty acids (4 g), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) (200 mg), both supplements, or control (4 g olive oil), daily for 8 weeks. The SPMs 18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, RvD1, 17R-RvD1, and RvD2, were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry before and after intervention. Results: Seventy four patients completed the 8 weeks intervention. n-3 Fatty acids but not CoQ significantly increased ( P < 0.0001 ) plasma levels of 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA, the upstream precursors to the E- and D-series resolvins, respectively. RvD1 was significantly increased ( P = 0.036 ) after n-3 fatty acids, but no change was seen in other SPMs. In regression analysis the increase in 18-HEPE and 17-HDHA after n-3 fatty acids was significantly predicted by the change in platelet EPA and DHA, respectively. Conclusion: SPMs are increased after 8 weeks n-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with CKD. This may have important implications for limiting ongoing low grade inflammation in CKD.