The role of immunomodulators on intestinal barrier homeostasis in experimental models. Issue 6 (December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Andrade, Maria Emília Rabelo; Araújo, Raquel Silva; de Barros, Patrícia Aparecida Vieira; Soares, Anne Danieli Nascimento; Abrantes, Fernanda Alves; Generoso, Simone de Vasconcelos; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 34:Issue 6(2015:Dec.)
• Page Start: 1080
• Page End: 1087
• Publication Date: 2015-12
• Subjects: Intestinal mucosa -- Inflammation -- Amino acids -- Probiotics -- Fatty acids; BT bacterial translocation -- DAI disease activity index -- IP intestinal permeability -- sIgA immunoglobulin A, secretory -- TNF tumor necrosis factor -- NF-ĸB nuclear factor-ĸB -- NO nitric oxide -- HSP heat shock protein -- iNOS inducible NO synthase -- KC keratinocyte-derived chemokine -- DSS dextran sodium sulfate -- IκBα inhibitor protein of IκBα -- SCFA short-chain fatty acid -- CLA conjugated linoleic acid -- TBT tributyrin -- ω-3 omega-3 -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- TNBS 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid -- PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors -- PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.01.012
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: The intestinal epithelium is composed of specialized epithelial cells that form a physical and biochemical barrier to commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. However, dysregulation of the epithelial barrier function can lead to increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation across the intestinal mucosa, which contributes to local and systemic immune activation. The increase in these parameters is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, physical exercise under heat stress, intestinal obstruction, ischemia, and mucositis, among other conditions. Lately, there has been growing interest in immunomodulatory nutrients and probiotics that can regulate host immune and inflammatory responses and possibly restore the intestinal barrier. Immunomodulators such as amino acids (glutamine, arginine, tryptophan, and citrulline), fatty acids (short-chain and omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids), and probiotics ( Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, and Lactobacillus ) have been reported in the literature. Here, we review the critical roles of immunomodulatory nutrients in supporting gut barrier integrity and function.