A review of observational instruments to assess the motivational environment in sport and physical education settings. Issue 1 (1st January 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Smith, Nathan; Quested, Eleanor; Appleton, Paul R.; Duda, Joan L.
• Is Part Of: International review of sport and exercise psychology. Volume 9:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 134
• Page End: 159
• Publication Date: 2016-01-01
• Subjects: Achievement goal -- self-determination -- observation -- coach -- teacher; Sports -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; Exercise -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; 796.019
• DOI: 10.1080/1750984X.2015.1132334
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1750-984X

Abstract

ABSTRACT: To date, the majority of research grounded in achievement goal frameworks (AGT) and self-determination theory (SDT), which has examined the coach-created motivational environment and its correlates, has relied exclusively on athletes' self-reported perceptions. This limits progress in the field as objective data on real-life events could be used to further identify what coaches and teachers do and say to 'motivate' their athletes and students to influence their skill development, performance and well-being. Such information may help inform how coaches and teachers should be trained to create more motivationally adaptive environments and could help extend results derived from self-report measures. This review outlines the observational systems that are currently available and the research related to AGT and/or SDT-based objective assessments of motivational dimensions of the coaching and physical education (PE) environment. Future research could utilise information in this review to employ and/or amend one of the available observation systems to address important questions related to the observed motivational environment in sport and PE.