Further evidence for a bifactor solution for the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale: Measurement and conceptual implications. (September 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: McKay, Michael T.; Cole, Jon C.; Percy, Andrew
• Is Part Of: Personality and individual differences. Volume 83(2015)
• Page Start: 219
• Page End: 222
• Publication Date: 2015-09
• Subjects: Bifactor modelling -- Consideration of Future Consequences Scale -- Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling; Personality -- Periodicals; Individuality -- Periodicals; Individuality -- Periodicals; Personality Development -- Periodicals; Personnalité -- Périodiques; Individualité -- Périodiques; 155.205
• DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.022
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0191-8869

Abstract

Highlights: CFA and ESEM were used to test the properties of the CFCS. In both cases a bifactor solution proved optimal. This was supported by factor loadings and omega estimates. The CFCS should be scored to assess global CFC. Abstract: The Consideration of Future Consequences construct has been found to relate meaningfully to several positive outcomes in temporal research. Researchers have proposed 1-factor, 2-factor, and bifactor solutions to the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS). Using 313 British University undergraduates, we tested four competing models: (a) a 12-item unidimensional model, (b) a model fitted for two uncorrelated factors (CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future), (c) a model fitted for two correlated factors (CFC-I and CFC-F), and (d) a bifactor model. Results supported the bifactor model, suggesting that the two hypothesized factors are better understood as grouping factors. Accordingly, the present study supports the CFCS as a unidimensional global future orientation measure. These results have important implications for the study of future orientation using the CFCS. Researchers using the CFCS are encouraged to examine a bifactor solution for the scores.