Old habits die hard? The fragility of eco-driving mental models and why green driving behaviour is difficult to sustain. (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pampel, Sanna M.; Jamson, Samantha L.; Hibberd, Daryl L.; Barnard, Yvonne
• Is Part Of: Transportation research. Volume 57(2018)
• Page Start: 139
• Page End: 150
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: Mental models -- Driving simulator -- Eco driving -- Workload -- Driver behaviour -- Automatisation; Automobile drivers -- Psychology -- Periodicals; Automobile driving -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; Transportation -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; 629.283019
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.01.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1369-8478

Abstract

Highlights: Driving simulator experiment to test the stability of eco-driving knowledge and skills. Eco-driving prompt led to lower speed, less acceleration and deceleration. A mild, cognitive workload task induced slower driving and longer headways. Over time and after the workload task, drivers fell back into 'everyday' habits. The effects of time and workload cannot be clearly isolated from each other. Abstract: Tangible incentives, training and feedback systems have been shown to reduce drivers' fuel consumption in several studies. However, the effects of such tools are often short-lived or dependent on continuous cues. Several studies found that many drivers already possess eco-driving mental models, and are able to activate them, for instance when an experimenter asks them to "drive fuel-efficiently". However, it is unclear how sustainable mental models are. The aim of the current study was to investigate the resilience of drivers' eco-driving mental models following engagement with a workload task, implemented as a simplified version of the Twenty Questions Task (TQT). Would drivers revert to 'everyday' driving behaviours following exposure to heightened workload? A driving simulator experiment was conducted whereby 15 participants first performed a baseline drive, and then in a second session were prompted to drive fuel-efficiently. In each drive, the participants drove with and without completing the TQT. The results of two-way ANOVAs and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests support that they drive more slowly and keep a more stable speed when asked to eco-drive. However, it appears that drivers fell back into 'everyday' habits over time, and after the workload task, but these effects cannot be clearly isolated from each other. Driving and the workload task possibly invoked unrelated thoughts, causing eco-driving mental models to be deactivated. Future research is needed to explore ways to activate existing knowledge and skills and to use reminders at regular intervals, so new driver behaviours can be proceduralised and automatised and thus changed sustainably.