Stearidonic acid combined with alpha-linolenic acid improves lipemic and neurological markers in a rat model subject to a hypercaloric diet. (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cardoso, Carlos; Martinho, Joana Paiva; Lopes, Paula A.; Martins, Susana; Correia, Jorge; Afonso, Cláudia; Alarcón, Francisco J.; González-Fernández, María J.; Pinto, Rui M.; Prates, José A.; Bandarra, Narcisa M.; Guil-Guerrero, José L.
• Is Part Of: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. Volume 135(2018)
• Page Start: 137
• Page End: 146
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: n-3 PUFA lipid sources -- fatty acid composition -- mRNA expression levels -- forced swimming test -- Wistar rat model; ALA alpha-linolenic acid -- ALP alkaline phosphatase -- ALT alanine aminotransferase -- AST aspartate aminotransferase -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- BUG diet enriched in Buglossoides oil -- CREB cAMP response element-binding protein -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- FAME fatty acid methyl ester -- FST forced swimming test -- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase -- GGT gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase -- HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol -- HT1A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A -- HT2A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A, IL-1β, interleukin 1β -- IL-6 interleukin 6 -- LA linoleic acid -- LD longissimus dorsi -- LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol -- LIN diet enriched in linseed oil -- MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid -- n-3 LCPUFA n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid -- n-3 PUFA n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid -- n-3 VLCPUFA n-3 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid -- OA oleic acid -- PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid -- RPL27 60S ribosomal protein L27 -- SDA stearidonic acid -- SFA saturated fatty acid -- TAG triacylglycerol -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- VLDL very low-density lipoprotein; Lipids -- Periodicals; Unsaturated fatty acids -- Periodicals; Prostaglandins -- Periodicals; Leukotrienes -- Periodicals; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- Periodicals; Acides gras insaturés -- Périodiques; Prostaglandines -- Périodiques; Leucotriènes -- Périodiques; Lipides -- Périodiques; 612.01577
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-3278

Abstract

Highlights: ALA & SDA reduced lipids, VLDL-cholesterol, & triacylglycerols in LIN & BUG groups. CREB gene levels were enhanced by ALA-, (SDA + ALA)-, & (EPA and DHA)-rich diets. ALA, SDA + ALA, & EPA + DHA sources counteract the health effects of hypercaloric diets. Summary: In this study, we hypothesized that terrestrial plant oils, rich in alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) relative to fish oil, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prevent negative effects on cardiovascular and neurological function using a rat model fed a hypercaloric diet. Results showed effects on the FA profile, namely, eicosapentaenoic, EPA, and docosahexaenoic, DHA, levels. There were also effects on neural aspects (cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB, gene expression, at least, doubled) and the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance (TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha reduced by 30–50%). The most positive impact of ALA and SDA was the beneficial reduction of total lipids (from 395 ± 3 to 352–361 mg/dL), VLDL-cholesterol (from 21.8 ± 0.2 to 14.1–17.8 mg/dL), and triacylglycerols (from 109 ± 1 to 71–89 mg/dL) in both LIN (diet enriched in linseed oil) and BUG (diet enriched in Buglossoides oil) groups. Overall, data indicate that ALA- and SDA-rich lipid sources may counteract the undesirable cardiovascular effects of a hypercaloric diet based on milk fat.