Cinnamaldehyde in diabetes: A review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety. (August 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhu, Ruyuan; Liu, Haixia; Liu, Chenyue; Wang, Lili; Ma, Rufeng; Chen, Beibei; Li, Lin; Niu, Jianzhao; Fu, Min; Zhang, Dongwei; Gao, Sihua
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 122(2017:Aug.)
• Page Start: 78
• Page End: 89
• Publication Date: 2017-08
• Subjects: Ach acetylcholine -- Acsl4 acyl-CoA synthetase 4 -- AUC0–t area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero (0) hours to time (t) -- AMPK 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase -- BAT brown adipose tissue -- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- BMP4 bone morphogenetic protein 4 -- CART cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript -- CCK cholecystokinin -- CEBP-α CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α -- Cmax maximum plasma concentration -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- Cpt1a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A -- ERK/JNK/p38MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases -- FOXP2 forkhead box protein 2 -- G3P glycerol-3-phosphate -- GLUT glucose transporter -- GC–MS gas chromatography–mass spectrometry -- HDL high density lipoprotein-cholesterol -- HFD high fat diet -- HFHS High fat and high sucrose -- HSL hormone-sensitive lipase -- IL-6 interleukin-6 -- IR insulin receptor -- IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate-1 -- JNK c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase -- KCl potassium chloride -- MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic protein 1 -- MEF2 myocyte enhancer factors 2 -- MGL monoglyceride lipase -- NO nitric oxide -- NQO1 NAD(P)Hquinone oxidoreductase 1 -- Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 -- PEPCK phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase -- PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α -- PI3K phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase -- PK pyruvate kinase -- PNPLA2 patatin phospholipase domain containing 2 -- POMC proopiomelanocortin -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -- PRDM16 PR domain containing 16 -- PTP1B protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B -- RBP4 retinol binding protein 4 -- SREBP1 sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 -- STZ streptozotocin -- SME-cinnamaldehyde submicrometer emulsions of cinnamaldehyde -- T1/2 the time taken a drug to clear from the highest concentration to half this level. TGtriglyceride -- TGF-β transforming growth factor-β -- Tmax time at maximum plasma concentration -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α -- TRPA1 transient receptor potential-ankyrin receptor 1 -- UCN urocortin -- UCP1 uncoupling protein 1 -- WAT white adipose tissue; Cinnamaldehyde -- Diabetes -- Obesity -- Pharmacology -- Pharmacokinetics -- Safety; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.019
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Cinnamaldehyde, one of the active components derived from Cinnamon, has been used as a natural flavorant and fragrance agent in kitchen and industry. Emerging studies have been performed over the past decades to evaluate its beneficial role in management of diabetes and its complications. This review highlights recent advances of cinnamaldehyde in its glucolipid lowering effects, its pharmacokinetics, and its safety by consulting the Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, and the Web of Science Databases. For the inquiries, keywords such as Cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde, property, synthesis, diabetes, obesity, pharmacokinetics, and safety were used in various combinations. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that cinnamaldehyde exhibits glucolipid lowering effects in diabetic animals by increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, improving glycogen synthesis in liver, restoring pancreatic islets dysfunction, slowing gastric emptying rates, and improving diabetic renal and brain disorders. Cinnamaldehyde exerts these effects through its action on multiple signaling pathways, including PPARs, AMPK, PI3K/IRS-1, RBP4-GLUT4, and ERK/JNK/p38MAPK, TRPA1-ghrelin and Nrf2 pathways. In addition, cinnamaldehyde seems to regulate the activities of PTP1B and α-amylase. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde has the potential of metalizing into cinnamyl alcohol and methyl cinnamate and cinnamic acid in the body. Finally, there is a potential toxicity concern about this compound. In summary, cinnamaldehyde supplementation is shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in diabetic animals, which may provide a new option for diabetic intervention. To this end, further scientific evidences are required from clinical trials on its glucose regulating effects and safety.