Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota. Issue 6 (June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Derrien, Muriel; van Hylckama Vlieg, Johan E.T.
• Is Part Of: Trends in microbiology. Volume 23:Issue 6(2015)
• Page Start: 354
• Page End: 366
• Publication Date: 2015-06
• Subjects: gut microbiota -- clinical studies -- ingested bacteria -- probiotics -- transient microbiome; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; Virulence (Microbiology) -- Periodicals; Infection -- Periodicals; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Virulence -- Periodicals; Microbiologie -- Périodiques; Infection -- Périodiques; Virulence (Microbiologie) -- Périodiques; Infection; Microbiology; Virulence (Microbiology); 579
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0966-842X

Abstract

Highlights: Ingested bacteria can temporarily complement resident bacterial communities as part of our transient microbiome. The extent of integration is highly species- and strain-dependent and may vary depending on dietary context and baseline microbiota structure. Ingested bacteria can cause major shifts in the composition of the microbiome of the small intestine, whereas alterations in the colon are mostly of limited extent. Clinical data have provided evidence that ingested bacteria may stimulate production of short-chain fatty acids and inhibit some opportunistic pathogens. Abstract : The human gut contains a highly diverse microbial community that is essentially an open ecosystem, despite being deeply embedded within the human body. Food-associated fermentative bacteria, including probiotics, are major sources of ingested bacteria that may temporarily complement resident microbial communities, thus forming part of our transient microbiome. Here, we review data on the fate and activity of ingested bacteria and, in particular, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their impact on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with a focus on data from clinical studies. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms involved and the potential impact on the host's health.