UTILITY OF THE CLOCK DRAWING TEST AS COGNITIVE SCREENING IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. (June 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vicario, A.; Cerezo, G.H.; Conti, P.; Forcada, P.; Cerchio, A.E. De; Llorens, M.; Sposito, P.; Waisman, G.; Morales, M.; Perez, M.A.
• Is Part Of: Journal of hypertension. Volume 36(2018)Supplement 1
• Publication Date: 2018-06
• Subjects: Hypertension -- Periodicals; Hypertension -- Periodicals; 616.132005
• DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000539330.79690.16
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-5598

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: 1. To compare two cognitive tests, Mini-mental (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT), as screening tools for cognitive impairment (CI) in hypertensive patients. 2. To know the prevalence of executive dysfunction in hypertensive patients and its association with different variables (treatment and control, level of education and other cognitive proof). Design and method: A multicentre study (18 centers) that included hypertensive patients (both sexes, >/ = 18 years). Patients were divided into 3 groups: treated/controlled BP </ = 140–90 mmHg (TC), treated/non-controlled >140–90 mm Hg (TNC) and untreated (UT). The educational level was recorded. MMSE and CDT tests were administered (cut-off CDT 5 on 7 and MMSE according to age and education). Results: 1414 hypertensive patients, average age 59.7 ± 13.8 years, female 62.3%. The mean BP of the sample were: SBP 143.6 ± 21.2 mmHg, DBP 83.6 ± 12.3 mm Hg. With 7 years of education: 44.5%, between 8 and 12 years: 33% and more than 12 years: 22.4%. The average MMSE score was 26.7 ± 3.5 and the CDT 5.5 ± 1.7. The prevalence of CI evaluated by the MMSE (</ = 24): 20.7% (n = 293) and by the CDT (</ = 5): 36.1% (n = 511). Among hypertensive patients with normal MMSE (> 24) 29.3% had abnormal CDT. There was no association between the abnormal CDT and the treatment groups (TC, n = 546, 36.2%, TNC/NT, n = 869, 36.5%, p 0.56). There was an inverse association between the level of education and the abnormal CDT (</ = 7 years education 45.8%, between 8 to 12 years 30.2% and >/ = 12 years 20.8%, p 0.000). The CDT correlated positively with the attention proof (Rho 0.40 ± 0.03, p 0.000) and visuo-construction proof (pentagons) of the MMSE (Rho 0.45 ± 0.04, p 0.000). Conclusions: The CDT is more useful tan MMSE in the cognitive screening of hypertensive patients. 1/3 of hypertensive patients with normal MMSE had abnormal CDT. The CDT was associated inversely with the educational level and positive way with the attention and visual-construction proofs of the MMSE