Changes in self‐efficacy associated with success in quitting smoking in participants in Japanese smoking cessation therapy. Issue 4 (23rd March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Taniguchi, Chie; Tanaka, Hideo; Saka, Hideo; Oze, Isao; Tachibana, Kazunobu; Nozaki, Yasuhiro; Suzuki, Yukio; Sakakibara, Hisataka
• Is Part Of: International journal of nursing practice. Volume 24:Issue 4(2018)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2018-03-23
• Subjects: Japan -- nursing -- self‐efficacy -- smoking cessation -- smoking cessation therapy; Nursing -- Periodicals; Nursing -- Practice -- Periodicals; 610.73092
• DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12647
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1322-7114

Abstract

Abstract: Aims: To identify the strength of self‐efficacy during 12‐week smoking cessation therapy (SCT) that consisted of 5 sessions and its association with the success of smoking cessation at the end of SCT. Background: Few studies showed to what level self‐efficacy should be reinforced to facilitate success in smoking cessation. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We enrolled 488 smokers who received SCT from 6 Japanese smoking cessation clinics between October 2008 and October 2014. In each smoker, the self‐efficacy of quitting smoking was assessed at each session of SCT. The association of the strength of self‐efficacy with the success of smoking cessation was investigated by logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, having a present illness, prescription, and nicotine dependence score. Results: The self‐efficacy of the 398 abstainers was significantly higher than that of the 90 nonabstainers at the first to fifth sessions of the SCT ( P < .001 each). Participants with self‐efficacy scores of greater than 60% were significantly more likely to attain abstinence than those with scores of 40% and less. Conclusion: During SCT, nurses' counselling to maintain patients' self‐efficacy scores of smoking cessation in the range from 61% to 100% may be important for assisting patients in achieving smoking cessation. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Many studies indicated that there is a positive relationship between baseline self‐efficacy and success of smoking cessation, and it is thought that baseline self‐efficacy is a predictive factor of success of smoking cessation among smokers who receive cessation intervention. However, few studies have shown to what level self‐efficacy should be reinforced during the intervention to facilitate success in smoking cessation. The intensity of self‐efficacy of quitting smoking should be examined at each counselling session so that nurses can provide more personalized cognitive and/or behavioural advice. It is important for nurses who engage in smoking cessation intervention to refer to a target range of self‐efficacy at every counselling opportunity to achieve success in patients' smoking cessation. What this paper adds? Among the abstainers at the last session in the Japanese smoking cessation therapy (SCT), their median self‐efficacy had promptly increased from the first to second session, and it gradually increased up through the fifth session of the SCT, whereas the median self‐efficacy of the nonabstainers did not increase after the third session. Our study during the 12‐week Japanese SCT demonstrated that participants having self‐efficacy scores of greater than 60% during the intervention had significantly higher success rate than those having self‐efficacy scores of 40% and less assessed at each of the first 4 sessions. During the SCT, it is thought that nurses' cognitive and psychological counselling is important in assisting patients in maintaining high self‐efficacy of greater than 60% at every session in order for patients to succeed in smoking cessation. The implications of this paper: Our study demonstrated that having self‐efficacy of greater than 60% during the smoking cessation intervention was associated with success of smoking cessation. This finding indicates that the target range of self‐efficacy in the smoking cessation therapy should be 61% to 100%. Self‐efficacy among the abstainers increased over the 12‐week SCT, whereas self‐efficacy among the nonabstainers did not increase. Our findings indicate the importance of reinforcing patients' self‐efficacy of smoking cessation by behavioural counselling even after patients enter the abstained phase in the cessation intervention. Routine assessment of self‐efficacy with nurses' counselling would contribute to monitoring the effect of smoking cessation treatment.