Efficacy of Preplant Corn and Soybean Herbicides on Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) in No-Till Crop Production. (June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Johanning, Nathan R.; Young, Julie M.; Young, Bryan G.
• Is Part Of: Weed technology. Volume 30:Number 2(2016)
• Page Start: 391
• Page End: 400
• Publication Date: 2016-06
• Subjects: Asexual propagule management, -- bulbous perennial weed, -- invasive plant, -- Liliaceae (Lily family); Weeds -- Periodicals; Weeds -- Control -- Periodicals; 632.5
• DOI: 10.1614/WT-D-15-00094.1
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0890-037X

Abstract

Abstract : Field research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of preplant herbicides commonly used in no-till corn and soybean production and to determine the efficacy of three application timings in the spring for star-of-Bethlehem bulb management. A single, preplant application of herbicide treatments that included flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, or paraquat resulted in 91 to 97% control of star-of-Bethlehem at 14 d after treatment (DAT). Star-of-Bethlehem control from atrazine and metribuzin was moderate (70 to 75%) at the Marion location but poor (< 20%) at Murphysboro. Regardless of the initial foliar control at 14 DAT from treatments included in the corn and soybean herbicide screen, only applications containing paraquat resulted in extensive control (75 to 86%) of star-of-Bethlehem foliar regrowth by 1 yr after treatment. Star-of-Bethlehem was most responsive to herbicide applications in mid-March in southern Illinois when compared with applications made March 1 and April 11. The mid-March application timing corresponded to the vegetative reproductive stage, approximately 3 wk prior to flowering. The average density of star-of-Bethlehem bulbs in nontreated plots occupied 7.9% of the field soil volume in the upper 7.6 cm of the soil profile. Spring applications of paraquat (repeated 2 yr consecutively) reduced bulb density in the soil by 88%, compared with 5% or less bulb reduction for consecutive applications of glyphosate or 2, 4-D ester applied alone. Overall, paraquat and paraquat tank mixtures provided the most effective and consistent control of star-of-Bethlehem foliage and underground bulbs, which is paramount for long-term management of this invasive species.