Large wood distribution, mobility, and recruitment in an inter‐dam river reach: A comparison with geomorphic process on the Garrison Reach of the Missouri River pre and post the historical 2011 flood. Issue 8 (24th March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schenk, Edward R.; Benthem, Adam J.; Dixon, Mark D.; Mittelman, Melissa; Skalak, Katherine J.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Galloway, Joel M.; Nustad, Rochelle A.
• Is Part Of: Earth surface processes and landforms. Volume 43:Issue 8(2018)
• Page Start: 1677
• Page End: 1688
• Publication Date: 2018-03-24
• Subjects: large wood distribution -- mobility -- recruitment -- inter‐dam river reach -- geomorphic process; Geomorphology -- Periodicals; 551.4
• DOI: 10.1002/esp.4346
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-9337

Abstract

Abstract: This study assessed the effect of the largest flood since dam regulation on geomorphic and large wood (LW) trends using LW distributions at three time periods on the 150 km long Garrison Reach of the Missouri River. In 2011, a flood exceeded 4390 m 3 /s for a two‐week period (705% above mean flow; 500 year flood). LW was measured using high resolution satellite imagery in summer 2010 and 2012. Ancillary data including forest character, vegetation cover, lateral bank retreat, and channel capacity. Lateral bank erosion removed approximately 7400 standing trees during the flood. Other mechanisms, that could account for the other two‐thirds of the measured in‐channel LW, include overland flow through floodplains and islands. LW transport was commonly near or over 100 km as indicated by longitudinal forest and bank loss and post‐flood LW distribution. LW concentrations shift at several locations along the river, both pre‐ and post‐flood, and correspond to geomorphic river regions created by the interaction of the Garrison Dam upstream and the Oahe Dam downstream. Areas near the upstream dam experienced proportionally higher rates of bank erosion and forest loss but in‐channel LW decreased, likely due to scouring. A large amount of LW moved during this flood, the chief anchoring mechanism was not bridges or narrow channel reaches but the channel complexity of the river delta created by the downstream reservoir. Areas near the downstream dam experienced bank accretion and large amounts of LW deposition. This study confirms the results of similar work in the Reach: despite a historic flood longitudinal LW and channel trends remain the same. Dam regulation has created a geomorphic and LW pattern that is largely uninterrupted by an unprecedented dam regulation era flood. River managers may require other tools than infrequent high intensity floods to restore geomorphic and LW patterns. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Abstract : This study assessed the effect of the largest flood since dam regulation on geomorphic and large wood (LW) trends on the 150 km long Garrison Reach of the Missouri River. This paper confirms the results of similar studies: despite a historic flood LW and channel trends remain the same. LW patterns poorly mirrored geomorphic patterns. In general the flood removed LW from erosional segments near the upstream dam and deposited LW in accretional segments near the downstream reservoir, a transport distance of approximately 100 km. Managers may require other tools than infrequent large floods to restore river processes.