Best-practices for the design and development of prescription medication information: A systematic review. Issue 8 (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mullen, Rebecca J.; Duhig, James; Russell, Andrea; Scarazzini, Linda; Lievano, Fabio; Wolf, Michael S.
• Is Part Of: Patient education and counseling. Volume 101:Issue 8(2018)
• Page Start: 1351
• Page End: 1367
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: Prescription medications -- Labeling -- Education -- Benefit/risk; Patient education -- Periodicals; Health counseling -- Periodicals; Health education -- Periodicals; Counseling -- Periodicals; Patient Education -- Periodicals; Éducation des patients -- Périodiques; Counseling -- Périodiques; Éducation sanitaire -- Périodiques; 615.5071
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.03.012
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0738-3991

Abstract

Highlights: Several optimal design elements exist for written sources, although gaps in evidence remain. Consistent design principles for multimedia and other online tools appear to be less apparent. Input from patients was infrequently used or at least not mentioned by authors. Outcomes studied were highly variable, and often limited to attitudes or comprehension. Abstract: Objective: To present evidence supporting best-practices for prescription drug labeling and educational materials. Methods: Articles were selected from three online databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL). Eligible manuscripts were: 1) English-language, 2) randomized, controlled trials, and 3) focused on improving prescription drug labeling practices. Results: Forty-nine articles were reviewed, and included both regulated label materials and pharmacy or health systems-generated tools. Best-practices included use of plain language principles, typographic cues, quantitative descriptors, and standardized formats, when applicable. Common outcomes included preference and comprehension, while few studies examined actual medication use (e.g. adherence, harms) or clinical health outcomes. Approximately half of studies directly engaged patients' perspectives in intervention development, which may have helped increase tool effectiveness. Conclusions: Several best practices were apparent in the literature, particularly for written materials and pharmacy-generated container labeling. Design principles for supplemental instructions and multimedia tools were less cohesive, albeit less researched. The impact of patient involvement in tool design is promising, though requiring further study. Practice implications: Definitive studies to inform practice standards on how to best communicate medication information to consumers are needed, especially as communication modalities continue to evolve. Increased research on if and how to incorporate patient-centered decision-making into the development process should be considered.