Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on mucosal staphylococci in a population of dogs in Northwest England. Issue 3 (17th April 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schmidt, Vanessa M.; Pinchbeck, Gina; Nuttall, Tim; Shaw, Steve; McIntyre, K. Marie; McEwan, Neil; Dawson, Susan; Williams, Nicola J.
• Is Part Of: Veterinary dermatology. Volume 29:Issue 3(2018)
• Page Start: 192
• Page End: e70
• Publication Date: 2018-04-17
• Subjects: Veterinary dermatology -- Periodicals; Pet medicine -- Periodicals; 636.08965
• DOI: 10.1111/vde.12538
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-4493

Abstract

Abstract : Background: Antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from veterinary patients. Objectives: To determine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among canine mucosal staphylococci following routine antimicrobial treatment with cefalexin (CFX), clavulanate‐amoxicillin (AC), cefovecin (CVN), clindamycin (CD) or a fluoroquinolone (FQ). Animals: Mucosal swab samples ( n = 463) were collected from 127 dogs pre‐treatment, immediately, and at one‐ and three‐months post‐treatment. Methods: Staphylococci were identified phenotypically and biochemically as coagulase negative (CoNS) or coagulase positive (CoPS); CoPS were speciated by nuc gene PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disc diffusion and mecA gene carriage by PCR. Multilevel, multivariable models examined associations between risk factors and presence/absence of CoPS, meticillin resistance (MR), multidrug‐resistance (MDR) and fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR). Results: The percentage of samples with CoNS increased and with CoPS (including S. pseudintermedius ) decreased immediately post‐treatment with CFX, CVN and CD ( P ≤ 0.001) and one month post‐treatment with CD ( P = 0.003). By three months post‐treatment, there was no significant difference compared to pre‐treatment samples. Immediately post‐treatment with FQs there was significantly increased risk of isolating MRS ( P = 0.002), MDR ( P = 0.002) or FQR ( P = 0.013) staphylococci and of MDR following CFX treatment ( P = 0.019). The percentage of samples with AMR staphylococci declined from immediately to three months post‐treatment and there was no significant difference between resistance prevalence at one or three months post‐treatment for most AMR traits and treatment groups. Exceptions include increased MDR following FQ ( P = 0.048) or CFX ( P = 0.021), at one and three months post‐treatment, respectively. Conclusions and clinical importance: Systemic antimicrobials impact on mucosal staphylococci. Immediately after therapy, the mucosa may be a reservoir for AMR staphylococci that are a source of mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes. Abstract : Background – Antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from veterinary patients.Objectives – To determine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among canine mucosal staphylococci following routine antimicrobial treatment with cefalexin, clavulanate‐amoxicillin, cefovecin, clindamycin or a fluoroquinolone.Conclusions – Systemic antimicrobials impact on mucosal staphylococci. Immediately after therapy, the mucosa may be a reservoir for AMR staphylococci that are a source of mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes.