Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. (July 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kyriakidis, M.; Happee, R.; de Winter, J.C.F.
• Is Part Of: Transportation research. Volume 32(2015)
• Page Start: 127
• Page End: 140
• Publication Date: 2015-07
• Subjects: Driverless car -- Questionnaire -- Personality traits -- Cross-national differences -- Intent to purchase; Automobile drivers -- Psychology -- Periodicals; Automobile driving -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; Transportation -- Psychological aspects -- Periodicals; 629.283019
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2015.04.014
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1369-8478

Abstract

Highlights: We explored the opinion of 5000 people across the globe on automated driving. 69% of respondents stated that fully automated driving will reach a 50% market share before 2050. Respondents were concerned about software hacking/misuse, legal issues, and safety. The more developed countries were less comfortable with vehicle data transmission. Abstract: This study investigated user acceptance, concerns, and willingness to buy partially, highly, and fully automated vehicles. By means of a 63-question Internet-based survey, we collected 5000 responses from 109 countries (40 countries with at least 25 respondents). We determined cross-national differences, and assessed correlations with personal variables, such as age, gender, and personality traits as measured with a short version of the Big Five Inventory. Results showed that respondents, on average, found manual driving the most enjoyable mode of driving. Responses were diverse: 22% of the respondents did not want to pay more than $0 for a fully automated driving system, whereas 5% indicated they would be willing to pay more than $30, 000, and 33% indicated that fully automated driving would be highly enjoyable. 69% of respondents estimated that fully automated driving will reach a 50% market share between now and 2050. Respondents were found to be most concerned about software hacking/misuse, and were also concerned about legal issues and safety. Respondents scoring higher on neuroticism were slightly less comfortable about data transmitting, whereas respondents scoring higher on agreeableness were slightly more comfortable with this. Respondents from more developed countries (in terms of lower accident statistics, higher education, and higher income) were less comfortable with their vehicle transmitting data, with cross-national correlations between ρ = −0.80 and ρ = −0.90. The present results indicate the major areas of promise and concern among the international public, and could be useful for vehicle developers and other stakeholders.