Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research. (April 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhao, Li-Ru; Willing, Alison
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 163/164(2018)
• Page Start: 5
• Page End: 26
• Publication Date: 2018-04
• Subjects: AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor -- α-SMA alpha- smooth muscle actin -- BBB blood-brain barrier -- BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor -- bFGF or FGF2 basic fibroblast growth factor -- BrdU bromodeoxyuridine -- CIMT constraint-induced movement therapy -- CNIS clinical neurological impairment scale -- CNS central nervous system -- DPSCs dental pulp stem cells -- ECFCs endothelial colony forming cells -- FDA food and drug administration -- EE enriched environment -- EPCs endothelial progenitor cells -- Flk-1 fetal liver kinase 1 -- fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging -- G-CSF granulocyte-colony stimulating factor -- HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha -- HSCs hematopoietic stem cells -- HSCs/HPCs hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells -- HUCB human umbilical cord blood -- IL interleukin -- iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells -- LDP long-term depression -- LFP local field potential -- Lasmp limbic system associated membrane protein -- LTP long-term potentiation -- M1 primary motor cortex -- M1 type pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages -- M2 type anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages -- MCA middle cerebral artery -- MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- MDMs monocyte-derived macrophages -- MHC major histocompatibility complex -- MMP matrix metalloproteinase -- MNCs mononuclear cells -- MRI magnetic resonance imaging -- mRS modified rankin scale -- MSCs mesenchymal stem cells -- M-type mushroom type spine -- NARI noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors -- NGF nerve growth factor -- NGFI-A nerve growth factor-induced gene A -- NGFI-B nerve growth factor-induced gene B -- NF-kB nuclear factor kappa B -- NMDA N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor -- NPCs neural progenitor cells -- NSCs neural stem cells -- OECs olfactory ensheathing cells -- OGD oxygen glucose deprivation -- PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 -- PNN perineuronal net -- PSA-NCAM polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule -- PSD-95 postsynaptic density-95 -- RCTs randomized controlled trials -- RMS rostral migratory stream -- rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation -- SCF stem cell factor -- SCF+G-CSF SCF in combination with G-CSF -- SD Sprague-Dawley -- SDF-1 stromal cell-derived factor-1 -- SGZ subgranular zone -- Shh sonic hedgehog -- SHRs spontaneously hypertensive rats -- SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors -- SVZ subventricular zone -- TBI traumatic brain injury -- tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation -- TGF-β transforming growth factor beta 1 -- TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha -- tPA tissue plasminogen activator -- U-type uncertain type spine -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor -- VEGFR2 vascular endotheleial growth factor receptor 2 -- vWF von willibrand factor -- YFP yellow fluorescent protein; Brain plasticity -- Brain repair -- Stroke recovery -- Restorative timing; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Highlights: Enhancing stroke recovery is highly important for stroke research. Lifelong brain plasticity makes its possible to be repaired years after stroke. Earlier intervention may not be an optimal time for brain repair. Neurovascular network rewiring is conclusively linked to stroke recovery. How to repair entire brain networks and function needs to be recognized in future. Abstract: Stroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights to advance the research field for stroke recovery. Lifelong brain plasticity offers the long-lasting possibility to repair a stroke-damaged brain. Stroke impairs the structural and functional integrity of entire brain networks; the restorative approaches containing multi-components have great potential to maximize stroke recovery by rebuilding and normalizing the stroke-disrupted entire brain networks and brain functioning. The restorative window for stroke recovery is much longer than previously thought. The optimal time for brain repair appears to be at later stage of stroke rather than the earlier stage. It is expected that these new insights will advance our understanding of stroke recovery and assist in developing the next generation of restorative approaches for enhancing brain repair after stroke.