Employment status and subjective well-being: the role of the social norm to work. (April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stam, Kirsten; Sieben, Inge; Verbakel, Ellen; de Graaf, Paul M
• Is Part Of: Work, employment & society. Volume 30:Number 2(2016:Apr.)
• Page Start: 309
• Page End: 333
• Publication Date: 2016-04
• Subjects: cross-national comparison -- employment status -- multi-level analyses -- social norm to work -- subjective well-being; Industrial sociology -- Periodicals; Work -- Social aspects -- Periodicals; Industrial relations -- Periodicals; 306.36
• DOI: 10.1177/0950017014564602
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0950-0170

Abstract

This article examines to what extent a social norm to work moderates the relationship between employment status and subjective well-being. It was expected that the detrimental impact of non-employment on subjective well-being would be larger in countries with a stronger social norm. Using a direct measure of the social norm to work and employing data from 45 European countries, this study assessed subjective well-being levels of five employment status groups for men and women separately. Results showed that subjective well-being of unemployed men and women is unaffected by the social norm to work. However, non-working disabled men are worse off in countries with a stronger norm. Living in such a country also decreases the well-being gap between employed and retired men, whereas retired women are worse off in these countries. This effect for retirees disappears when a country's GDP is taken into account, suggesting that norms matter less than affluence.